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HomeMy WebLinkAbout110-90 RESOLUTIONs Section 2. That the Board of Directors hereby rescinds the previous rules and regulations as attached to Resolution No. 91-82 of August 3, 1982. PASSED AND APPROVED this 3rd day of July n�- -.ATTEST: �A eITY, CRK• t. �c • - t , 1990. I 2 6 E,. FAYETTE . I LE • THE CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS POLICE DEPARTMENT June 1990 POLICIES, PROCEDURES, & RULES "FOREWORD" In an organization such as the Fayetteville Police Department, absolute supervision of all members is impossible. However, a high degree of uniformity of thought and action must prevail to serve the citizens of Fayetteville fairly and impartially. It is not possible to reduce all policies and practices to writing. However, as time passes, other polices, procedures, rules, and general orders will be added and will continue to change with conditions. All general and special orders which may be issued hereafter by the Chief of Police relating to the discipline or duties of the members shall be recognized and considered as a part of these policies,. procedures, and rules. Upon adoption of these policies, procedures, and rules by the City Board of Directors, all members of the Fayetteville Police Department shall read and become thoroughly familiar with the contents of this manual. The comfort and convenience of all officers shall be given consideration in every reasonable way consistent with these policies, procedures, and rules and the fulfillment of the Department's obligation to the public. These policies, procedures, rules and general orders are intended to be a guide for members in performing their duties. Within one week after the appointment as a police officer, the officer shall be issued a copy of the Department's policies, procedures, and rules manual. The officer shall sign a statement stating he has received, read, and agrees to abide by the policies, procedures, and rules and any amendment thereto following his/her appointment as an officer. Richard L. Watson Chief of Police P. O. BOX 1888 140 WEST ROCK STREET 72702 501 521-8050 FAX 501 521-5876 • TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1-5: LAW ENFORCEMENT ROLE, RESPONSIBILITIES & RELATIONSHIPS * * Law Enforcement Agency Roll 1.1.1 * * Limits of Authority - 1.2.1 * * Arrest Procedures 1.2.2 * * Use of Force 1.3.1 * * Relationships With Other Agencies 2.1.2 CHAPTER 6-10: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 11-17:ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION ** Direction 12.1.1 ** Policies, Procedures, & Rules Development & Review Procedures 12.2.1 CHAPTER 18-20: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 21-26: THE PERSONNEL STRUCTURE ** Disciplinary Matters & Procedures 26.1.1 CHAPTER 27-30: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 31-35: THE PERSONNEL PROCESSES CHAPTER 36-40: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 41-47: LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS * * Patrol 41.1.1 Vehicular Pursuit 41.2.8 Use of Department vehicles/Equipment; Authorized Passengers 41.2.11 Seatbelt Usage 41.2.13 Canines 41.2.17 Juvenile Operations 44.1.1 Unusual Occurrences 46.1.1 Bomb Threats and Explosive Devices 47.1.13 CHAPTER 48-50: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 51-54: OPERATIONS SUPPORT * * Office of Professional Standards (OPS) 52.1.1 * * Public Notification 54.1.1 J,. 4 .T CHAPTER 55-60: (RESERVED) (V: • • CHAPTER 61-66: TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ** Police Traffic Radar Operation 62.1.12 CHAPTER 67-70: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 71-74: PRISONER & COURT -RELATED ACTIVITIES ** Prisoner Transportation 71.1.1 ** Jailer Duty 72.1.1 ** Jail Emergency Plan 72.3.1 ** Medical and Dental Care For Prisoners 72.6.1 CHAPTER 75-80: (RESERVED) CHAPTER 81-84: AUXILIARY & TECHNICAL SERVICES Bank Alarm Response Policy (Business Hours) 81.2.13 Property Management; Acquired & In -custody Property...84.1.1 GENERAL ORDERS 01 (Reserved) 02 Responding To Bank Alarms During Business Hours GO -02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 INDEX & REVISIONS LOG • a FAYETTEVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RULES Effective Date Subject LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY ROLE Reference Distribution All Personnel I. PURPOSE Number (Special Instructions Reevaluation Date 1 Year The purpose of this policy is to define the functional role of the Fayetteville Police Department. II. DISCUSSION By defining Department role, employees will be aware of actions and attitudes expected of them, and the public will be provided with a general standard by which they can measure the department's performance. Defining the functional role also specifies the department's intent to be responsive to and protect the constitutional rights of the community. III. POLICY A. Performance Measures No.Pages -4- Written performance measures shall be formulated for each program within the department. 1. On an annual basis, program supervisors (i.e., administrative, patrol and drug enforcement programs) shall assist in preparing new or revised performance measures for the upcoming year and submit a written report to the Chief of Police. 2. Performance measures shall be developed utilizing input from all personnel levels within the department. Personnel input should provide the following: a. Improve the relevancy and coverage of the performance measures; and b. Enable employee contribution to .departmental management and operation. (1.1.1) Page 1 4 • • 3. Upon request, program supervisors shall submit to the Chief of Police a written evaluation on the progress made toward department performance measures. 4. Performance measures shall be routinely reviewed and updated to help ensure direction, unity of purpose, and provide a basis for measuring progress. Oath of Office • Prior to assuming their official position, all officers of the Fayetteville Police Department shall take an oath of office to enforce the law and uphold the Constitutions of the United States and the State of Arkansas. C. Code of Ethics All officers of the Fayetteville Police Department shall abide by the following Code of Ethics: LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS All law enforcement officers must be fully aware of the ethical responsibilities of their position and must strive constantly to live up to the highest possible standards of professional policing. • The International Association of Chiefs of Police believes it is. important that police officers have clear advice and counsel available to assist them in performing their duties consistent with these standards, and has adopted the IDI following ethical mandates as guidelines to meet these ends. PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES OF A POLICE OFFICER A police officer acts as an official representative of government who is required and trusted to work within the law. The officer's powers and duties are conferred by statute. The fundamental duties of 'a police officer include serving the community; safeguarding lives and property; protecting the innocent; keeping the peace; and ensuring the rights of all to liberty, equality and justice. PERFORMANCE OF THE DUTIES OF A POLICE OFFICER A police officer shall perform all duties impartially, without favor or affection or ill will and without regard to status, sex, race, religion, political belief or aspiration. All citizens will be treated equally with courtesy, consideration and dignity. Officers will never allow personal feelings, animosities or friendships .to influence official. conduct. Laws will be enforced appropriately and courteously and, in carrying out their responsibilities, officers will strive to obtain maximum cooperation from the public. They will conduct themselves in appearance and deportment in such a manner as to inspire confidence and respect for the position of public trust they hold. DISCRETION (1.1.1) Page 2 A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and exercise it within the law. The principal of reasonableness will guide the officer's determinations and the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances in determining whether any legal action shall be taken. ` Consistent and wise use of discretion, based on professional policing competence, will do much to preserve good relationships and retain the confidence of the public. There can be difficulty in choosing between conflicting courses of action. It is important to remember that a timely word of advice rather than arrest --which may be correct in appropriate circumstances --can be a more effective means of achieving a desired end. USE OF FORCE A police officer will never employ unnecessary force or violence and will use only such force in the discharge of duty as is reasonable in all circumstances. Force should be used only with the greatest restraint and only after discussion, negotiation and persuasion have been found to be inappropriate or ineffective. While the use of force is occasionally unavoidable, every police officer will refrain from applying the unnecessary infliction of pain or suffering MUM' and will never engage in cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment of any person. CONFIDENTIALITY Whatever a police officer sees, hears or learns of, which is of a confidential nature, will be kept secret unless the performance of duty or legal provision requires otherwise. Members of the public have a right to security and privacy, and information obtained about them must not be .improperly divulged. INTEGRITY A police officer will not engage in acts of corruption or bribery, norwill an officer condone such acts by other police officers. The public demands that the integrity of police officers be above reproach. Police officers must, therefore, avoid any conduct that might compromise integrity and thus undercut the public confidence in a law enforcement agency. Officers will refuse to accept any gifts, presents, subscriptions, favors, gratuities or promises that could be interpreted as seeking to cause the officer to refrain from performingofficial responsibilities honestly and within the law. Police officers must not receive private or special advantage from their official status. Respect from the public cannot be bought; it can only be earned and cultivated. (1.1.1) Page 3 is d , t .COOPERATION WITH OTHER OFFICERS AND AGENCIES Police officers will cooperate with all legally authorized agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of justice. An officer or agency may be one among many organizations that may provide law enforcement services to a jurisdiction. It is imperative that .a police officer assist colleagues fully and completely with respect and consideration at all times. PERSONAL/PROFESSIONAL CAPABILITIES• Police officers will be responsible for their own standard of professional performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve their level of knowledge and competence. Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of knowledge and competence that is essential for the efficient and effective performance of duty. The acquisition of knowledge is a never-ending process of personal and professional development that should be pursued constantly. PRIVATE LIFE Police officers will behave in a manner that does not bring discredit to their agencies or themselves. A police officer's character and conduct while off duty must always be exemplary, • IDERAFT thus maintaining a position of respect in the community in which he or she lives and serves. The officer's personal behavior must be beyond reproach. Source: IACP October 17, 1989 (1.1.1) Page 4 • Ler FAYEITEVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT,_.. s ao FAYETTEVILLE; ARKANSAS, ;- r•r B • POLICIES, PROCEDURES; AND RULES A .. • ti ;sr - Effective Datel'- ,"'Lente Subject -L _ 'LIMITS OF. AUTHORITY ` ': �r A Reference t !. x-, ,tt Distribution '•All Personnel ?x cite -40o Numb'er.I _.. tvpv G;,l t tt.. 11.2":1'^:1:.1/2,3 i 11 ri4m 7 Cri.� 1 rcThcr , . Cr :P c, ':+ . Special-tInstructions n loins: condi ,v: -,sot: Reevaluation Date-Jei tc�. i-Yearcl int II - " ^At _ _ F 3:' .i`.i 1 I: 'PURPOSE pr_ tat ^..y The, purpose fof this 'policy -is to" outline .the :alimitstof law enforcement authority delegated totofficers ofithe Fayetteville Police Department pertaining to the enforcement of laws, statutes, and ordinances within their jurisdiction, i in1r::Co, i.. t s . :I vn ti It,.also +tdefines'ecircumstances and establishes limits involving officer discretion andprovides guidelinestforiexeicisinga'such d iscret` an.tt. !titsi1rzing alternatiVessto_tarrest :and/or prearr•aignment':cohfinement. .i La *ht. C t•:'' t ocatt .. . II. DEFINITIONS � . '.a_ uft4 r - .t rig . t, Aft._?ARRESTGoto. .0 . i Jr, .o 1... roc u: t -.t:.. ern t^:.1a1 Arrest is the taking Of 'a person into rrcustody:cof 1 the 'law, -.0 the purpose4of.which is -to restrain the`accused,until-he can+be-held accountable ID*, the loffenser•at court proceedings, and ty nt.er%.s to A ; No.Pages 'ce -6- :t' rurtra$.h the B . PROBABLE:,CAUSE priv"r: t:e inaeivieh at cl: hi -m Iir.'1i1.i y; Probable cause has been interpreted as facts and Circumstances thatLiamountrE to More than Mere asuspicion but less.... than .:rproof vibeyond'tia reasonable doubt that would lead a prudent person to believe a crime' has' been rcommittedtOris aboutrto*betcommitted:rrr: anr. :a �t b.. ba r.: c.n probable nwt C. FELONY Parc sant t a A felony.: s' a serious offense which carries a penalty of .incarceration•'usuallyflf r one year:or more- Personsiconvicted of:felony offenses -.lose certain rights ..such--xas.h.the;cright• •to Vote,` holdranrelective office or Federal government position, Ore mainta inAcertainTl icenses:t .,t ' ^ f cin . - y . rre; . , t:hu D . ..MISDEMEANORt .ae:s r.ihnr: 1:1 the:: , :icer » t at ny tir_f1 :;it A'.misdemeanor is elless;serious o ffense punishable by (1.2.1) Page 1 FAYETTEVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT FAYETTEVILLE; ARKANSAS DELT' POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RULES Subject LIMITS OF AUTHORITY Reference Distribution All Personnel I. PURPOSE (Effective Date Number 1.2.1 (Special Instructions Reevaluation Date 1 -Year The purpose of this policy is to outline the limits of law enforcement authority delegated to officers of the Fayetteville Police Department pertaining to the enforcement of laws, statutes, and ordinances within their jurisdiction. It also defines circumstances and establishes limits involving officer discretion and provides guidelines for exercising such discretion utilizing alternatives to arrest and/or prearraignment confinement. II. DEFINITIONS A. ARREST Arrest is the taking of a person into custody of the law, the purpose of which is to restrain the accused until he can be held accountable for the offense at court proceedings. B . PROBABLE CAUSE No.Pages -6- Probable cause has been interpreted as facts and circumstances that amount to more than mere suspicion but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt that would lead a prudent person to believe a crime has been committed or is about to be committed. C. FELONY A felony is a serious offense which carries a penalty of incarceration usually for one year or more. Persons convicted of felony offenses lose certain rights such as the right to vote, hold an elective office or Federal government position, or maintain certain licenses. D . MISDEMEANOR A misdemeanor is a less serious o ffense punishable by (1.2.1) Page 1 incarceration for not more than one year in a county jail or fine or similar penalty III. POLICY A. JURISDICTION AND STATUTORY AUTHORITY 1. Officers of the Fayetteville Police Department shall have within the corporate limits of the City of Fayetteville all the powers invested in law enforcement officers as described under Arkansas Code Annotated 14-52- 203. 2. Officers shall also have the power to serve all civil and criminal process that may be directed to them by any officer of the Court and may enforce the ordinances and regulations of the City as the City Board of Directors may direct. 3. In addition to their authority within the corporate limits, officers shall have all the powers invested in law enforcement officers by statute or common law within the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the corporate limits of the City of Fayetteville, and on all property owned by or leased to the City wherever. located. 4. Any officer pursuing an offender outside the corporate limits or extraterritorial jurisdiction of the City shall be entitled to all privileges, immunities, and benefits to which he would be entitled if acting within the City, • DEAWIT including coverage under the workmen's compensation laws. B. ARREST AUTHORITY An officer may effect an arrest if there is probable cause to believe a person has committed an offense as it is defined in the Arkansas Criminal Code. Probable cause is the legal requirement for an arrest. 1. An arrest occurs when the following conditions exist: a. The officer believes that sufficient legal evidence exists that a crime is being committed, and intends to restrain the suspect; b. The officer deprives the individual of his liability; and c. The suspect believes he or she is in the custody of the police and cannot voluntarily leave. 2. An arrest can be initiated with or without a warrant and must be based on probable cause. a. Arrest Pursuant to a Warrant An arrest warrant issued by the court determines an arrest should be made and directs the police to bring the named person before the court. (1) An officer having a warrant in possession may arrest the person named on or described in the warrant at any time and at any place within the (1.2.1) Page 2 • • jurisdiction of the City of Fayetteville. (2) An officer who has knowledge that a warrant for arrest has been issued and has not been executed, but who does not have the warrant in his possession, may arrest the person named in the warrant at any time. (a) The officer must inform the person arrested of the existing warrant, and (b) The officer must serve the warrant on the person as soon as possible. b. Arrest Without a Warrant According to Rule 4 of the Arkansas Court Rules "Rules of Criminal Procedures", a law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has reasonable cause to believe that such person has committed: (1) a felony; (2) a traffic offense involving: (a) death or physical injury to a person; or (b) damage to property; or (c) driving a vehicle while under the influence of any intoxicating liquor or drug; (d) any violation of law in the officer's presence. (3) A private person may make an arrest where he has • 1 reasonable grounds for believing that the person arrested has committed a felony. (4) An arrest shall not be deemed to have been made on insufficient cause hereunder solely on the ground that the officer or private citizen is unable to determine the particular offense which may have been committed. (5) A warrantless arrest by an officer not personally possessed of information sufficient to constitute reasonable cause is valid where the arresting officer is instructed to make the arrest by a police agency which collectively possesses knowledge sufficient to constitute reasonable cause. (6) In the case of a misdemeanor, probable cause as well as the officer's presence at the time of the offense are required, with the following exceptions: (a) The officer believes the suspect may cause physical injury to self or others, or damage to property unless immediately arrested (See ACA 9-15-103 "Act 636 of 1989"); (b) The suspect has committed the offense of shoplifting when the officer, merchant, or merchant's employee who has observed the person accused of committing the offense of shoplifting shall provide a written statement which shall serve as probable cause to justify the arrest (See ACA 5- 36-116 (2)(c); (1.2.1) Page 3 .(c) The officer has reason .to believe the suspectiwillnot:be apprehended/unless immediately arrested :-t• Ce - j.%. 8na1- t 3. Upon making an officet must,:; A .lw. arrest, an a:f;.:.Identify ,himself-as:.a,;law enforcement,officer unless his identity;s9otherwise apparent; b. Inform the arrested person that heLis (underrarrest; ,,tand*{r r .; ;. 2&;S c. As promptly as is reasonabler,r under. .the circumstances,,,y,_tinform ••;, 'the arrested -person of the cause of the _arrest, (Unless \they,cause appears to be,evident. •4. An arrest is complete when: a;: ca:• 4The „person submits Ito the control .of•the arresting,officer who has ...indicated ,his ;intention totarrest, for .n q • :_., at4 r b: t_ctThe,arresting officer, with intent to make an;arrest, takes a person into custody by the use of physicallforce. L at, '•if,. • t° the. 5.;..;An officer may. enter privatenpremises-.or, a 3vehicle. to :effeet);anl arrest .when: Lir- a...c;_The officers .•has. Lt r his possession .a;,warrant.. or, \order. for; arrest of apersonilory_is authorizedE,to arrest a-. ,person withoutl,,a tcwarrant or order having been issued; • -u Cr iar.i J =, to r"\.tat, b. The officer has reasonable cause 4to.believe the person to be: arrestedtis,present, and,„1e :1- • the _.r ... to ,, c. :_. Thecofficer.«has,given,•or madecreasonable•effort to. give noticemof phis; authority',and purpose {to an ,occupant. thereof, unless there lis•reasonable cause to'Abel -ievejthat the L, giving ;of such notice would present a alear rdanger Ito zhumanflife..w rlur., „ ?fl\31 tth, 6. Arrest for Serious Crime i:-♦ Frtort_.fi. be.zo1ution., 'f..�.h. Whenan officer_arrestsa-person for -a serious crime,ithe;officer shall eadvise the detective division of the arrest for furtherrn4,-interviewing and investigation. y A.rt"'•` t .i. 1njust-� Pardon 7. Arrest of Military Deserter 1112.3r, nrre ' 1 y' .1 flC r4.41: 1/4i2Q iia..K Officers°•with probablei;cause that -a \person;,-isp,aicmilitary deserter may:arrest. thatperson and:arrange as,,soon,as,possible to, release thenperson to;,the proper;;militaryaauthorities• r i rnrsor. ' /rid b.isot+ co". , - 8.'» ..Arrest of tUnconscious ior Semiconscious,- Person= 1::toCt'er or nat. Whenever anofficer.arrestsan unconscious, semiconscious,Vor otherwise apparently suffering from somendisablingtcondition, and who is unable to provide information on •the causes hof the II- condition, •rr the ° , officer shouldimakeia-reasonable.effort tot.: determine ,.cif cthe,,person arrested is wearing ,a;bracelet or1necklace containing{the Medic Alert )Foundation's :emergency alert syiibo1 j toh indicate 'that the ,p,tper,son suffers enfrom diabetes, epilepsy,. awpardiac Condition, or any. other .form;of iliness.which would cause a los s ofr,,consciousness. If such a symbol is found indicating that the person being arrested (1.2.1) Page 4 suffers from one of those conditions, the officer must make a reasonable effort to have appropriate medical care provided. 9. Misuse of Arrest Authority Officers of the Fayetteville Police Department shall not misuse the arrest authority that has been delegated to them. • C. USE OF DISCRETION AND ALTERNATIVES TO ARREST The Chief of Police shall determine what measures (policies and procedures) shall be enforced to influence officer discretion at the operative level of patrol. Officers are encouraged to be sensitive to cues as the probability of clearance, witness identification, victim prosecution, and other factors when making arrests, issuing citations, or other law enforcement activities. In instances of lesser violations of the law, the officer may weigh the seriousness of the offense and the surrounding circumstances and choose an alternative to arrest. The proper exercise of discretion does not relieve the officer of his responsibility to conduct a thorough investigation. 1. Alternatives to Arrest a. Issuance of a citation or criminal summons which would allow the arrested person to appear in court on their own recognizance in accordance with Article III, Rule 5, of the ARKANSAS RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, instead of taking the person before a magistrate and placing them under bond; b. Referral to a help agency, such as mental health, etc.; c. Informal resolution, such as arranging for the person to pay the victim for damages, etc.; or d. Warnings. 2. Arrest of Injured Person Upon arresting a person who has been injured, or is injured during the arrest process, the officer shall contact his immediate supervisor. The immediate supervisor will respond and examine the injured person and based on the seriousness of the injury will make a determination as to whether or not the person should receive immediate medical attention. 3. Off -Duty Arrest Police officers of this department have liability protection for on -duty and off- duty performance of official duties. This protection does not extend to willful acts to cause injury or damage, or to those actions that the police officer knew, or reasonably should have known, were in conflict with the established policies or customs of this department. • (1.2.1) Page 5 a. When off-duty and within the legal jurisdiction of this department, a police officer may make an arrest only when: (1) There is an immediate need for the prevention of a crime or apprehension of a suspect; (2) The arresting officer is in possession of appropriate police identification. NOTE: Off-duty officers shall not engage in vehicular pursuits while driving privately owned vehicles. The use of blue lights for traffic stop purposes in privately owned vehicles is prohibited. Officers may use privately owned blue lights (only when their vehicle is stationary) to warn approaching traffic of danger at accident or other emergency scenes. b. If an off-duty arrest is made, the off-duty officer shall abide by all departmental policies and procedures and shall notify on -duty personnel as soon as possible. c. No prisoner or arrestee, under any circumstances, shall be transported in a privately owned vehicle. 4. Assistance to Person Intoxicated in Public At his discretion, an officer may assist, as an alternative to arrest and incarceration, an individual found intoxicated in a public place, by taking any of the following actions: 1 • te- HULL 1J• L� a. The officer may direct or transport the intoxicated individual home; b. The officer may direct or transport the intoxicated individual to the residence of another individual willing to accept him; c. The officer may direct or transport the intoxicated individual to a public or private shelter facility if the individual is apparently in need of and unable to provide for himself food, clothing, or shelter, but not in need of immediate medical care; d. The officer may direct or transport the intoxicated individual to the Washington Regional Medical Center or other medical care facility if it is apparent the individual is in need of but unable to provide for himself immediate medical care. • (1.2.1) Page 6 1 FAYETTEVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS, POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RULES Subject ARREST PROCEDURES Reference Distribution All Personnel I. PURPOSE Effective Date Number 1.2.2 (Special Instructions (Reevaluation Date 1 Year The purpose of this policy is to provide officers with guidelines in determining when and if an arrest is appropriate according to the law. II. DISCUSSION An officer can make an arrest if he has probable cause to believe a person has committed an offense as it is defined in the Arkansas Criminal Code. Arrest is the taking of a person into custody of the law, the purpose of which is to restrain the accused until he can be held accountable for the offense at court proceedings. The legal requirement for an arrest is probable cause. III. POLICY No.Pages -3- A. An arrest occurs when the following conditions exist: 1. The officer believes that sufficient legal evidence exists that a crime is being committed, and intends to restrain the suspect; 2. The officer deprives the individual of his liberty and; 3. The suspect believes that he or she is in the custody of the police and cannot voluntarily leave. B. Arrest can be initiated with or without a warrant and must be based on probable cause. C. An arrest warrant issued by a court determines that an arrest should be made and directs the police to bring the named person before the court. D. An arrest can be made without a warrant only where (1.2.2) Page 1 • the arresting officer is able to establish probable cause that a crime was committed and that the subject arrested is the person who committed it. E . In the case of a felony an officer may arrest a suspect without a warrant where probable cause exists, even though the officer was not present when the offense was committed. F. In the case of a misdemeanor, probable cause as well as the officer's presence at the time of the offense are required. III. CLASSIFICATION • A. A felony is a more serious offense which carries a penalty of incarceration in a state prison, usually, for one year or more. B . A misdemeanor is a less o ffense punishable by incarceration for not more than one year in a county jail or fine or similar penalty. IV. ARREST A. If an officer decides it is necessary to take a person into custody he should do so in accordance with his lawful authority to arrest. B . An officer should be prepared to use non -deadly force when arresting an individual who is physically resisting arrest. 1. ' In these circumstances the officer must take caution in preventing injury to himself and the subject. • DEM? 2. When a subject threatens to flee or injure the arresting officer he must be prepared to use his training in self-defense in defending himself while taking the person into custody. ✓ . SEARCH OF PERSON(S) A. Any officer may search a person after a lawful arrest for the following reasons: 1. To protect the officer, the accused or others. 2. To prevent the escape of the accused. 3. To furnish appropriate custodial care if the accused is jailed. 4. To obtain evidence of the commission of the offense for which the accused has been arrested, or to seize contraband, fruits of the crime, or other things criminally possessed or used in conjunction with the offense. B . Strip searches' will only be made after arrest and will be made at the jail if necessary before being placed in a cell and only then in a professional manner. The only exception would be in a life-threatening situation to protect human life. C. Search of body cavities must be performed by a physician or a licensed nurse. A search of body cavities and "blood stream and subcutaneous tissues" incidental to an arrest should only be made if there is a (1.2.2) Page 2 F. strong probability that it will disclose things subject to seizure and related to the offense for which the individual was arrested. The problems concerning the search of body cavities usually result when some degree of force has been used. D. A law enforcement officer who has detained a person may, if he reasonably suspects that person is armed and dangerous to the officer or others, may search the outer clothing of such person and seize any weapon or other dangerous things which may be used against the officer of others. The search shall not be more detailed than is reasonably necessary to insure safety. • DR AFT (1.2.2) Page 3 • • FAYETTEVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS DIVOT POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RULES Subject . USE OF FORCE Reference Distribution All Personnel I. PURPOSE rffective Date Number 1.3.1 Special Instructions Reevaluation Date 1 -Year The purpose of this directive is to state the Fayetteville Police Department policy regarding .the use of force, including deadly force, and all types of weapons. II. DISCUSSION The value of human life is immeasurable in our society. Police officers have been delegated the awesome responsibility to protect life and. property and apprehend criminal offenders. The apprehension of criminal offenders and protection must at all times be secondary to the protection of life. The officer's responsibility for protecting life must include his own. "Deadly Force" as used in this policy is defined as that force which is intended to cause death No.Pages -6- or grave injury or which creates some specified degree of risk that a reasonable and prudent person would consider likely to cause death or grave injury. III. POLICY It shall be the policy of the Fayetteville Police Department that its officers shall not use more force in any situation than is reasonably necessary under the circumstances. A. Use of Deadly Force 1. An officer may use deadly force to protect himself or others if he has reasonable belief of immediate threat of death or serious physical injury. a. Reasonable belief: The facts or circumstances the officer knows, or should know, are such as to cause an ordinary (1.3.1) Page 1 • and prudent person to act or think in a similar way under similar circumstances. b. Serious physical injury: A bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death; causes serious, permanent disfigurement; or. results in long-term loss or impairment of the functioning of any bodily member or organ. 2. The use of firearms should be flatly prohibited in the apprehension of misdemeanants, since the value of human life far outweighs the gravity of a misdemeanor offense.' 3. Deadly force shall never be used on mere suspicion that a crime, no matter how serious, was committed or that the person being pursued committed the crime. An officer shall either have witnessed the crime or have sufficient information to know, as a virtual certainty, that the suspect committed an offense for which the use of deadly force is permissible. 4. Officers shall not be permitted to fire at felony suspects when the officer believes that the suspect can be apprehended reasonably soon, thereafter without the use of deadly force or when there is any substantial danger to innocent bystanders. Although the requirement of using lesser force, when possible, is a legal rule, the other limitations are based on sound public policy. To risk the life of innocent persons for the purpose of apprehending a felon cannot be justified. MATE 5. Officers shall not discharge a firearm at or from a moving vehicle except as the ultimate measure of self-defense or defense of another person." 6. Officers shall not fire their weapons to kill, but rather to stop and incapacitate an assailant from completing a potentially deadly act. For maximum stopping effectiveness and minimal danger to innocent bystanders, the officer should shoot at "center body mass." 7. An officer may use deadly force to effect the capture or prevent the escape if the officer reasonably believes that the suspect has committed a felony involving the use or threatened use of deadly force and the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others. 8. In order to protect the community's interest when officers may have exceeded the scope of their authority in the use of deadly force and to shield officers who have not exceeded the scope of their authority from possible confrontations,with the community, officers whose use of force results in death shall be relieved from line -duty assignment pending administrative review. 9. The killing of an animal is justified by the following conditions: (1.3.1) Page