HomeMy WebLinkAbout2008-12-18 - Agendas aye eyl ,le WATER/SEWER COMMITTEE AGENDA
Meeting Date of December 18, 2008
COMMITTEE: Chairman Kyle Cook; Altlennen: Lioneld Jordan, Bobby Ferrell, Adella Gray
COPY TO: Mayor Dan County, Sondra Smith, Gary Dumas, Paul Becker, Susan
Thomas, Jeremy Pate, Ron Petrie, Shannon Jo s, T m HubbaM, Peggy
Bell, Lynn Hyke, OMI
FROM: David Jurgens, Water and Wastewater Director
A meeting of the Fayetteville Water and Sewer Committee is pia tlfor December 18,
2008, at 4:30 PM, in room 326, Fayetteville City Hall. Proposed t ice include:
1. Approve Minutes of the November 13 Water/Sewer Committee meeting.
2. V ill Update.
COMrect Detecting Contractor Cost % Com late
WL-1 &3 Porter-Hamestring & OIC Wm-Gr Oscar Rentle $ ] 18895] 100%
WL-2 North St-Polar-Greg Gravity Line TG Excannum 4433,820 100%
WL3 Porter-Hamestring & OIC Wire-Gr Combined wntood with WL-1 1G0%
WL4 GreggAve- Harriefin LS Gravity Line Oscar Rentle $ 10970164 Igo%
WL5 Force Mains Hamestring-West Plant Gamey Const $ 4]52.28] 100%
WL-6 Humiliating Lift Station Boosted &Some $ 7082133 100%
WL-] Greart Ave Litt Station Crossland mail $ 1,527,000 100%
WL-9a Tietwer-Critical Items OMI $ e8000 100%
WL-9 Tleover-Non Griecal Items Goodv4n&Goodwtn $ 1,546.400 NTP Janos
WL-10 Fermin ton Gravity LNe Retlfond Const $ 335987 1000A
WL-11 Fermin ton Force Mein Gamey Const $ 1,36].314 100%
WL-12 Farmington Lift Station JL Bryson $ 170 50]%
EP-1 Noland Wet Weather Improvements Wilson Brothers $ 1336886 100%
EL-1 Mally Wardon Lift Station and Force Main Gamey Const IS 1,398,357 100%
EL-2 Ha Hollow-Nolantl iewi Goodly Reason Conal $ 10.464082 100%
EL-3&5 ReZmback- Ha Hollow 36/42 Gravity SJ Louis Const IS 5253795 Const Begun
EP-2 Noland WWTP Renovation ArcMr Western $ 14,833631 100%
EP-3 Noland WWTP Aeration Clarifier Work Crossland Heavy $ 2439848 82%
EP-4 Noland WWTP Oxygen Injection BluelnGreen $ vi 100%
WP4b Bootee Road Construction Crowder Conal $ 3.828874 100%
BWD-1 Geos tec Consulting Geos ntec $ 199883 898%
WP-2b Wetlands Mitigation, WWTP Site Multiple Contravene $ 3,20] 100%
WP&LBP West Side ai &WFX3j Backup Power PowerSecurs $ 1,986,897 100%
WP-3 Let Sial Line Relocation. Broyles Rd Ozarks Electric $ 264,818 100%
WPJ West Side WWTP Construction I Brasfield & Game $ 909385]4 100%
Protect is substantially comitete, meaning the work can be used to execute its mission.
a. West Side WWTP Change Order Number 6 with Brasfield & Gonia in the amount of
$148,726.22 is attached. This Is the final reconaliation of all costs associated with the West Side
WWTP. This contract will now be dosed out. All remaining work is being performed underwerranty
conditions. A balance of$1,326,198.75 remains in Me approved project contingency and will be
returned to the overall WSIP no ei rigency upon closure of this conal
ContrcUCM1ange Contingency
Item Ober Cost Cumulative Cost Remalnin Contin an Uaetl
Centred $ 59 974 ]f 0.00 $ 58994 ]10,97 $ 2.40g.OW.00 $ O.GO
Waaw. wwms Moves
col $ 0.00 $ 59 994.710.00 $ 2,4oaoo0.00 $ 090
coz s o.00 $ s9,994.]m.0o $ 2,400,00000 $ o.00
CO3 S 404,W4.05 $ 60,390,]84,05 $ 1995.925.15 5 404,07485
G04 s 2]3,W190 $ 606725.05 $ 1,]2225426 $ 6]],]4586
C05 s 246,329.18 _ $ 60,910]8503 $ 1475,9249] s 924,07503
GO6 $ 149,726.22 $ 61,060,51125 $ 1,328_,198]5 0 1,0]3,80125
B. Biosolids Handling deft report from CDM Is attached.
c. WSIP Non-Critical Tieover WL-9 contract with Goodwin & Goodwin final scope of work
s attached. The net nhan9e is a induction of $2,800 to the cost, there were several changes to the
scope of work, as discussed In previous meetings.
d WSIP Construction Schedule & Cost Update will be distributed at meeting.
3. Greenland Sewer Contract Continuing Resolution. The Greenland wastewater services
contract expires 21 December, 2008. Given the negotiations that have taken place to date,
Greenland's desire to have Fayetteville take ownership of that system, and Fayetteville's statement
that we are interested in taking ownership when the system is "whole," it seems prudent to consider
extending the existing contract for a year rather than developing an entirely new contrail. Sewer
rehabilitation is underway and Greenland is developing sewer and development master plans.
When these actions are completed, then the system will probably be In adequate condition for
Fayetteville to take ownership. This is likely to be achievable in 2009. A memo from the City
Attorney and his proposed one year extension are attached.
4. Mount Seauovah Water and Sewer Upgrades involves installing approximately 6,900' of water
and 600 of sewer line in the Mount Sequoyah area. The objective is to replace existing, old water
and sewer mains that are undersized and/or located underneath houses built after the original lines
were installed. Where this Is the case, new meters and services will be Installed. Design Is
complete, bid opening is scheduled for January 13, 2009. Work Is anticipated to begin In March,
2009 and Is scheduled to be completed 180 days from the start of construction.
5. Sanitary Sewer Rehabilitation Pro act Update.
a. Basin 15 and minisystems 2, 5, 6, and 13A manhole rehabilitation in the southern and
Hamesidng areas of Fayetteville is underway with Kim Construction rehabilitating over 800
manholes in the southern and the Hamesiring basin areas of Fayetteville. Work began in July 08
and Is currently 86% complete- Final completion i5 targeted for 20 January 2009.
b. Insituform Sewer Pipe Lining Term Contract works 90% complete for the 2008 work order
for 10,000 of 6° — 12' cured In place lining; work will be finished by year end.
c Martyrdoms 5, 6, 13A, 20 and 32 sanitary sewer evaluation study (SSES)flow
monitoring, manhole Inspections and smoke testing Is underway by RJN ($396,1 DO. The study
involves inspect approximately 810 manholes and 175,000 feet sewer mains. The work began in
May 08 and should be completed in Feb 09. All field data has been collected. Adrafl report should
be available Jan 09,
it Mimmystems 5, 6, 13A, 20 and 32 sanitary sewer evaluation study (SSES) potential
cooperative work agreement between the City, Elkins, the University of Arkansas discussions will
take place In January, 2009.
6. WaterMastewater Proilm List 2009-2010 was requested as new elected officials assume
their positions. A copy c attached The list is not all inclusive, but does include most major action
items underway in the Department.
7. Waterl5ewer Committee Meeting Is planned for Thursday, January S 2009, 430, room 326.
Attachments: West Side WWTP Change Order Number
Biosolids Draft Report
WT-9 Contract
Greenland Sewer Contract Continuing Resolution
Water-Mastewater Department Projects List 2009 - 2010
aye eyNSAS
Ie ynraApproy
CONTRACT REVIEW MEMO
To: Mayor Dan Coody
Fayetteville Sewer Committee 1//1 � ((��
From: David Targets, Water and Wastewater Director`(/ ,
Date: 9 Dew 2008
Subject Approval of Change Order Numbm6tothecondoetwith Bmsfiald& Gmrie,LLC., for
$149,926.22, for construction ofthe West Side Wastewater Treatment Plana WSW Subproject W-3
RECOMMENDATION
StaffrecommendsapprovalofC nge Order Number6todrecontractwith Bm ield &Gomie,
LLC, m the amount of$149,72622,with no change to the contract time, for Construction of the
West Side Wastewater Ttennuout Plans, WSIP Subprojem WP-3.
BACKGROUND
Brasfield& Gosrie was awarded the West Side WWI?contract in October, 2005. Work is
substantially complete. The W WTP first received wastewater on 29 Say 2008, and produced effluent
on I dune,2008.
DISCUSSION
This Change Order is the final nronciliation ofall qumrtifies and work performed on ddsjob. Work
includes (1)additional sod to establish cover to meet the stermwater permit and eliminate erosion;
(2)a platform and ladder at the effluent parshall flume in order to meet ADLQ access and inspection
requirements; (3) sidewalks tof litaw operations; (4)electric acmamrs on she odor eorami facility;
(5) mounting bmclret on the headweeds building to mount the surveillance camera punctuated only in
the prujeet and (6)coming clarifies troughs to prevent saepaga and significantly improve
mainminabilub.
This project is expected W achieve final completion and be closed out in December,2008. The West
Side WWTP constuction and mounted to iflummons has pmcreded incredibly well. The teem of
Bonifield & Corrie, McGoodwin, Williams and Ymoc OMI,and City staff has produced an excellent
project. MWY recommends approval of this change order.
BUDGET IMPACT
This change order uses$149,22622 of the approved$2,400,000 contingency, and creates an change
inthecontamdme. Abalanceof$1,326,198.75willmmainin Meappmvedpmjmtcontingenoy
and will be rammed ae the overall WSW moleser confit enc man classic,ofdds contract.
Cummsave Cant I Contgatereav I Contingents Used
Com2IX $ 59994110.00 WS60,918j8503 $ 1,475M.97
.00 $2.400000.00 $ 000
(101 $ 0.00 A0 $2400000.00 $ 0.00
CO2 $ 0.00 .00 $2,400,00000 $ 0.00
CO3 $ 404,014.85 4.85 $ 1986.92515 $ 404074.85
C04 $ 2 67611A0 5.85 $ 1 M2254.15 $ (31) 145.85
C05 $ 246,329.18 503 $ 1,415924.97 $ 924,075.03COB $ 149,M6F2 125 $ 1326,198.75 $ 107300125
WVa amfWtl CM1engePMNo6CCMemo Ce'gA
FAYE_TTEVILLE CHANGE ORDER
Protect Nambef: 02133.0304
Comit Number: WP-3
Commit Title: Wesel Wales Road
Treatment Plant and the Weiland Berms and the Water Line at Broyles Road
Chins omen No.: 6 Dasofbeanee: Derember04, 2000
TO CONTRAcroa. Brasfield &Gorrie, LLC ORDINANCE nO:1 RESOLUTION NO.
The COnKG is ahonye4 art follows: IT11 E
The Contract scope has been changed to include additions, deletions, and revisions to the
original Contract Documents. These changes reflect items of work required by proposed
field modifications of the Contract Documents as well as ongoing value engineering of the
Project.
NOW: Please refer to the attached documents for details of me proposed changes.
Not valid until pgnM by the Owner.
0 RECEIVED 'r
Themuch Connect Price wee _ ..........., d. . .-.S 59,994,710.00
Net Chugs by Nenoutly anllwnsstl Cheng=Oni .... 9[[ itibRig q .....S 941,BW.64
The Coonxt Pett met st ans Chung rwss .... on -.... y ......560,936513.64
The Conroe ones will be(®tooeuste(U deeteaed)(0 un e�P$OUNTWq ?n ..._9149,926.22
The new Cutout Pdu heinous the Ch®ee Qdm will he ... A 61,086299.86
The ChurchLies will be(Oloweewn(O domineer(®un ` /6+ ....._..._....(0) skys
Required dueofSabnenoal Com"imt a able has of this Chugs Is .. _ . ._May 31,2008
NOTE: This rvmmary doe Net Mlat thuses in @n Consent Pnee oe Carat Tit which has teen eogotiEM by Work
Chug D rewlves not mrolpoNea in this or Wm{oes Chugs Centers.
Brasfield & Gof ie LLC UNDO aveyevipe
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Son Una, Point Lcal Poll OFF 13125 0 EnUnum 17 11 LOU I,
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F1,81 Slil,,UkI 158 23700
),91to3eAGtUaIrSf,fD@lnIrS 51 31500
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IaaneSe Connaga Imm" NICs C91 RON 8.5%1 $109150&06
9Bw TONT GORDONNot tlDOWN PORN 96108629&06
West Side W WTP
Change Order # 6 Summary 12-04-08
1. Additional Sod for the Site—Sod that was strategically added to the site to enhance the
site physically and cosmetically.
2. Platform and Ladder at the Effluent Pannell Flume—Platform and ladder that was
added over the parshall flume to allow easy and safe access to the effluent catchall
flume for operation procedures
3. Final Sidewalks—additional sidewalks that were strategically added to the plant site to
provide sidewalk paths for operation traffic to the different rtmctures
4. Open/Close Actuators for Dampers—EIe trlc actuators for the odor control duct damper
that well open and close automatically.
5. Camera Mounting Bracket—Bracket that was added to accommodate a site security
camera at the Inlet Facilities.
6. VarsaFlex to Coat Clarifier Trough—coating added to the clarifier troughs to add
integrity and operational value of the effluent troughs.
� ! 11
City of Fayetteville, Arkansas
Biosolids Management Study
December 12, 2008
Draft Report
Contents
Section 4 Introduction
IF Background and Purpose ............... ..........._._. __.1-1
L2 Scope of Work . .... .................. ................... _..._..1-1
Section Existing Program
21 Description of Existing Program, .................. .......... ......_2-1
2.2 Solids Character eaten,. .......... . ................. . ..............2-1
2.2.1 Quantities ........ ... ..... ............. ..... ................21
2.2.2 Quality .. .. . .. . .. . ......2-3
23 Need for hvprovement. ....___. _.__. ___ 2-3
Section Regulatory issues
3l Bossolids Stabilization_. .................. ................ .......3-1
32 Nutrient Management Issues ... ............... ................ .. ..............3-1
Section Screening of Management Practices and Technologies
41 Screening Cn2rio._..._.. _. _ ........ .............41
41.1 Applicability to Eayettevilie's Treatment Facilities__ .... ..................41
P1 2 Flexibility_...... ..1..1.......... ......... ........A-1
41 3 Reliability.. . _ .... ................ ................ ........4-2
4,14 Risk----, , ............ ................ .............4-2
415 Oder ............. ........ ...........A-2
42 Screening of Management fees and Technologies _ __ __.4-2
4.21 Land Rased Management Practices.. . .. . .. ...........................................4-4
4.211 Applicability to Fayrnevilles'treatmene Fauhdes ...__.._4-0
421.2 Flexibility ..__.. .._ _4-4
4.213 AeOab lty ................ .... ...__45
424A Risk.. ........... ................ ...........45
4.2.1.5 Odor. ._.... .......... . .......45
42.1.6 Summary . _...... .........4-5
4.12 TAndfllling... .. . .. . .. . .. ........4-6
4221 Applicability to Feetteville's'treatment Facilities__....._.46
4222 Flexibility .............. .. . ............... ......_4-6
4.223 Reliab bty ........... ............. ...............4-6
4.2.2.4 Risk .. _...... _.. . ............4-6
4.2.25 Odor. .__.. __. . . ........4-6
4226 Summary.... ............. .__....... _.__4-7
423 Thermal Conversion Prncfims.. .. .. . .. . .... .. . .. ...................................A7
4231 Applicability b Fayehevillor& Immanent
4.232 Flexibility _.. . . .. ................4-ri
4.233 Reliability
Cu
Too,me C,,kW5
42 i.4 Riek_ .............. ............. .....__4-9
4.2.3.5 OAor. .. . _.. ............ ............. A 9
4.2.36 Summap ....._. ......... .................19
4.3 Sneering ofTecbvologi .._..._._.. .. .. ............_49
411 Aerobic Digestiot.............................. .. ..........440
491.1 Applicability W Fayettevlle's heaven[FacillHe5_.........4-10
43,12 Flexihlt ................. ........... . .............4-10
49]9 Reliability ._..._.. ..............4-10
4314 Risk.. ......... ......... . ... .. 4-10
4.315 Odor. ...._.. ............ ................4-10
4316 Summa .............. ......... ...........4-11
43.2 AlkabeeStabilirah ................ — 4-11
4921 Applicability Fayettevlles Treatment Faoliaes._..__M11
43.2.2 Flexibility. .. __.... . . ................ ................4-11
4323 Reliable} ......... ......... ............A-12
4324 Risk.. ............... _.. .......A-12
4325 Odor. . . .............. ... .. _..111.4-12
4326 Summary ......... ............... .......A-12
433 Composluig..... _ _ ..............4-12
4,331 Applicability to F.. .. .. llle's Treatment Paulifics......._..4-13
43.3.2 FluReliblty .. .. ......4-13
4393 Reliable ................. ..___ _ 1
43Rork_ A-13
......... ................. ......43
4.335.35 Odor. ...... ................ ................4-13
433.6 Summmy . ._.. . .......... ..............4-13
33-4 Drvmg .... plu in've---- __.A13
434.1 Appliility ty to Peyeel¢vf11Es Iteatme1 . Facilities _ __,414
4.34.2 Flexibility
eleo lily ......... .................. .........4-14
434.3 ReliaMlty .. .. ___ _._.4-15
434.4 Rlsk_ ................ ...__. __4-15
4315 m'. ........ .................. —.- --.4-15
4346 Summary.......... .. .. ................ ..........._415
43.5 Fertilizer Manufacturing— -_._ ..............416
4.35.1 Flexibility lty mk. .. .. . ... .. . ireannent Facillbea__.....4-16
4352 Reliability
Flexibility . ................. ........._.. _4-16
93.5.3 Risk btV ........... ................ ................4-19
4.3.5.4 Risk .. ........ ........ ...............41]
435.5 Odor. _ .. ____ .........4-17
4,3,5,6 Summary ............. ........... .... A l
44 Summary of5nesn>g -- 4 19
Section 5 Development of Options
51 Descriptor of Optous_ ............... ...._..... _ _ .. .........Rd
5.11 Option -Landfilling Belt Press DewaseiM Sludge_.........................5-1
CCM it
Case of Contents
5.1.2 Option 2-landfilling Solar Dried Sludge............................................51
51.3 Drying and Beneficial Use Options __ ....11 ..5-3
3,1.3.1 Option Thermal Drying ......... .......5-4
-1 3.2 Optemi -Solar Drying ... .......... ......55
6]33 Options -Solar Drying with Thermal Do'
ing. .. .. ...___..59
52 Economic Evaluation of the Options .......... .......... ..---.3-S
Section 6 References
Figures
Figure 2-1 Plot of&ojected Annual Average Production for a10 Year Sludy..........2-2
Plgure4I Toosolids Management Practices and N'oressing Teobneogles................4-3
Dart,oI Viable Blobo1ld5 Management Options 5-2
Tables
Table 2-1 Typical Sacrifice Quality ... ...... .............. ......_23
Table 4-1 Results of Screening Summit _.... .......... ..............418
Tables 1 Summary of Preliminary design Ciieriafor
Options l and 2-Landflltag ............. ............... ....._......53
Tables-2 Over ew of Some Applicable Thermal Drying Systems for
Live of Basmievllle ................ ....._...._ ...___5A
'fable 53 Summary of Pi ellmEiary Design CnWria for Option
-Thermal Dryings dBeneficial Use5-6
Tables-4 Summary of Defmatory Design CrlMda for Ophon4
Solar Drying and Beneficial Use...._.. _.__ —_5-6
"f able 5b Summaiy of Preliminary Design Cuterm for Options
-Solar Drying Prior to"I hernial On and Beneficial Use .....................trot
Table i6 Smmuaryofar ent Worth Cosstor Vlabie Options_ 5-9
COM w
Section 1
Introduction
1.1 Background and Purpose
The City of Fayetteville(City) operated a.mmemsMl biosollds land application
program need[2003 when nutrient management restrictions forced the City W cease
this practice Atthat time,the City began dewatering solids and disposing of Mem in
a landfill. New mechanical dewatering facilities were constructed atthe Paul R.
Noland Wastewater Treatment raft fit and at the over West Side WWTP N
support this practice. 'Ihe mechanical dewatering facilities also provided Me City with
the Flexibility ro implement future processing facilities
I,andfilliug has provrn to be low cost disposal option for the City, but Me costs me
expected to increase dramatically in the near future.Furthermore, it has proven to he
n option with poor reliability. Elie City has been forced to nose several landfills since
2003 due to Me landfills ceaslnp accepUnmof the sludge The BE Landfill In Porter,
Oklahoma was the first to step accepting the City's solldu to 20g, ITT provided the
City with a 30 day notice that It would step accepting tie City's solids.rn August,
208,the American Environmental Landfill (ABL) In Kurd Springs,Oklahoma, gave
are City one day's notice that itwould no longer dmcptsludge. Flats brood McCity to
use alternative landfills that are further away and have significantly Nigher tipping
fees. Although ALL resumed accepting tis tiq+s sludge for a brief period, it ceased
meeting in October, 2008 due to Oklahoma regulations requiring only stabilized
sludges (Class B) be landfilled_ These 6midents illustrate the r thmembBity of Me
program to be at the parody of the operators of the landfill
The City hiss engaged Camp Dresser&McKee(CDM) to prepare a baseline
Management Study. The purpose of the amity is to identify and evaluate blosolids
management options available for the City, and Identity Mese that are most viable for
theCityin Meru ric, The study Is intended to serve as a guide for the direction of
future blosnllda management for the City.
1.2 Scope of Work
The first step M the study process noes to meet with City and OMI operations staff to
collect information related to Me existing program and to discuss program ronshalnts
and management Knees. Information provided by the City was Men used to
characterize the quantity and quality of the blosolidd in well a the cast of the current
management program.Infomn, tion coliecmd during this task was used later if the
evaluation of potential options
A set of screening criteria were then identified and defined based on the discussions
with staff and CDM's experience The criteria were then used to action a broad range
of management practices and appropriate processing tedmologles-Following the
Bening step,preliminary design criteria and order of-asgnimde costs were
developed for the most viable management practices and technologies
CCM
Section 2
Existing Program
2.1 Description of Existing Program
The City has a contact operations firm,Cn2M H11I OMI (OMI) ,nage all aspectsof
me W WTPs, including solids disposal Waste activated sludge(WAS)at both facilities
u mechanically dewatered using belt filter presses b approximately 18 percent total
solids (T9).The deentred solids me disposed by landfilling.
Dewatered WAS is currently trancporked W several landfills for disposal since the
AFL operator ceased accepting sludge Landfills In use Include the Waste
Management Landfill In Russellville, Arkansas and the Ibnttown Landfill.Tip fees
and haul distances vary based on the landfill.The Clty's casts for transportation and
disposal have increased from approximately$26 per wet ton (s/wt) in2006 to
approximately $65/is t in 2008 following the loss of the AFS. At the hand of thin shhdy,
the City was exploring opportunities with other landfills. Based nn projected tip fees
from Fast and transvortaton costs,CDM estimates the Cita 9 disposal costa child
increase mapproximately$85/wt or greater in the new future.
2.2 Solids Characterization
2.2.1 Quantities
The time period for this study was Identified as 2009 to 2019. Quantity projections bar
use in the evaluation of alternatives were developed using historical councillor and
projections from the City'sM00 Residuals Matta Plan. Based on operations through
August 2008, OMI eatmated Bre total mmhhA average solids production for built
W WTPs will be 10.5 dry tons per day (dtier This equates to 58 wet tons per day
(wtpd) of dewateredsolids. The wet weight represents the actual haul weightfor
disposal. The card oats Master Plan projected the ental annual average solids
produefion would increase to152dtpd (89 wtpd at 18% total solids (15)) by 2020.
A plot of the projected annual average production for thel0.year study period was
developed by impecunious between the historical and projected Foreshow as shown
in Figure 2 1.Based on Me linear futurologist, the 2019 annual average solids
production was projected to be148 dtpd (82wtp l at18% Tel
The Residuals Master Plan projected maximum month quantities to be 17 percent
greater than annual average quantities/This factor was applied for this study and a
ooh quantity of173 spat (96 wtpd a 18% 'f5) was used br preliminary
sizing of equipment and fzcilides.
The estimated 201}(5-yar midpoint) annual average quantity of 12.8 blind (71 wind
atISO TS) was used as the basis for developing operations and mandemmoe costs for
the study period.
COM 2-,
\ I
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16
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2.2.2 Quality
'rhe City's WAS is it i rently no"tabihoed unit will remind re stabilization prior to any
Terrible isI rise stabllicaHon pmasscs are discussed in Sect on4.0,
The City's solids have fr storicvlIF had low nal council dome and should be well
suited for a land based management Fr or Eve if a 5 babilizatlon process is lmpleureoted
_
'Fable 21 shows me ME and romieut carcentmlons for rare nt samples collared at both
WWYPs. 'rhe table also shows the 40 CFR Part So face,She don 3)'1'able 3
Cance ME a no n limits for comparison pit rposes.The Table 311miM Especial the most
stringent requirements for mewls concentrations and are one of the requirements for
Thal products to be classified as exceptional quality. Metals concenttatiarsat
both plants are well below the Fable 3 ]finite
Table 2-1: T tical Blosoli Is Qualtur
F Moral Pani R. N bras Model
Taele3 Lenin WWTP WWTP
Penmemn maffair small (raggidit
1 <6 d
Cadmium11 n 6
Cr 11
o a 1600 4 as)
Lead 300W22
26
Mercury 1> _ 095
Mal adenum p5 18
Nickel 420 16
Selenium 100 O
Zinc Y,600 530
TNN NA 310W
Ammonia asN NA 4000
Paoa norus NA 36000
Rosevear, NA 2,100
1. Pull concentration limits Most stringent requirement of 40 CFR Part 503 Required hr
mspllonal quality totalltla
2. Average of May samples m 111 May 2001 and August 2308
ample soared August 3006.
N/A—Not centrable. a
2.3 Need for Improvement
Continued use of Nue existing wonderful program exposes file City W the risk of the
landfill operator dmnging policies and closing the landfill to par City's sludge.
Sudden closures can create major opemtimual problems far the W WTPF and can
increase disposal casts significantly. Although the rise of multiple landfills will help
reduce the impact of are closure, it will net eliminate the risk
Having 0 transport ther5i to landfills located further distances from the plant also
Moisture the risk to the City associated will, transportation. These include Nue net of
accidents, spite dud complains from the public
For these Records, Elie City should e oFE dun rnadveopdons while continuing to
Identify peter landfilli options evaluated should have the potential for
reducing the Gy+s aquaria risks associated wftin solids management.The different
types of risk are Two at dlseussed in Section 4.
CM 2J
Section 3
Regulatory Issues
The Arkansas Departnem f Env lton humal Quality (ADEOJ follows the
requirements established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 46 CPR Pard
503. '1fiew include limits on metals concentrations,hasickation requhemeno, and
management practices.However, ADFQ can establish more restrictive policies and
permit requirements
Thereare two key regulatory issues affecting the future management of the City'a
bookplate.The first issue ¢related to stabilization.Most beneficial use management
essences inquire the solids to be treated by a stabilization process for pathogen
reduction and vector attraction mducfion (VAR).Landfill disposal typically does not
require an additional mobilization process
The second race is related to nutrient mmagemem in the Illinois and White River
Watersbede Following la a discussion of these key Issues.
3.1 Biosolids Stabilization
As noted in Section 2, the City's beautiful have metals mocennatiore well below the
upper limits established for beneficial truac however, the dewoered WAS lk not
treated by a separate Peeress to costive Pathogen levels and vector attecfion.
Pathogen reduction and VAR criteria are established in Pam 503. Pathogen reduction
uaterla were established N protect public health.The VAR criteria were established to
reduce the prig sdbality of the solids, which aticach vectors such is rodents and ties
Anyland based beneficial use programs must meet these criteria
Part 503 esobnkhcs he,classes for p chopenstsbinzrtmen Cam A is tire highest level
of pathogen reducnpq and a Class product can the beneficially used wiBh minimal
restriction Pathogen levels In a Class A product ate below detertlon levels.Class B u
aNever level of stabilization Class B fic smids an be beneficially used with site
,access restrichons Both clauses, with their accompanying transparent pounces,
provide a similar evel of protection to public health and the environment Mose
stabilization processes that comply with either of the pathogen reduction
classifications will also comply with the VAR criteria,
3.2 Nutrient Management Issues
Basychds and mutual manures have long been beneficially used as fermizers based on
their nitrogen content One result of [his is;often an overapplication of phosphorus
time to the imbalance between nitrogen and phosphorus content in these beEfliEs rs.
Plano geramlly have much low er uptake rate for phosphorus as compared to
nitrogen, resulting in a phosphorus buildup overtime in the soilat most cases this
has not proven to be a problem because the phosphoric; binds to soil particles and is
not very mobile through Elie soil profile However, the high concentration of confined
animal facllitiesln Northwest Arkansas lane resulted In high manure loadings he a
cm 3-i
Seems
Regulabryl ase
Targe portion of the agricultural land in the region. they phosphorus conremmtlons
in soils tluoughout the region have reached levels sufficient b rause carom about
me effect on water quality in the region.
to 2000 the Arkansas Natand Resources Commission as given me authority to
establish the Nutrient Application Certification Program. Under this programs,
nutrient surplus areas (colors) were Identified using me various watersheds
throughout me state, and regulations were established for the application of nutrients
in there rose. Much of the land In Northweat Arkansas falls in one of theNSAa.
One purpose of the regulations is he control the application of phosphorus such that it
is applied at rates suitable for crop use but pmtecis water quality, The rules require
that certified nutrient management plan be developed using sistspecific
information.
Based on the concentrations of phosphorus in the City Is biosolids and the lugh
background levels In soils Ir the region, balk application of biosolids in Me region is
notpmctical. Phe GtyIs broacher would need to be transported out of the region,
most likely to agreverun l land located in are Arkansas River valley.
CCM 32
Section 4
Screening of Management Practices and
Technologies
Forestial management program,am comprised of sever al major elements, md dmit
the management practice,pmmssing, tmnsins Idoy record keeping and monitoring
and others.The focus of this evalfiaboa is on two of Mese major elements, the
mwgnornt predi ni and the gmccSeng tedimtogies.The management practice is the
alumina use or disposal point for the solids,For exampla,landfilitog is management
practice With active ,agamont practices, the blos,lidren
s must be processed to der
Mum suitable tot lie praalre.
The project team conducted a screening of viable management practices and the
appropriate pmmssing technologies.The methodology and results of the screening
process ire described In this section,
4.1 Screening Criteria
'fire first step In screening management pmcficcs and processing technologies was to
define the culotte to be used as the Mals for the screening. These criteria were then
applied to a broad range of mactimee and ttth ologics to identify Nese that hest meet
the City's future needs. Yellowing are defink ns of the criteria used to semen the
management practices and technologies
4.1.1 Applicability to Fayelteville's Treatment Facilities
"Tatra use diffttent processes for fie liquid stream treatment.Tire dwrectonsdm of
the sludges produced by the resistant procrsers differ. For example,sludge from
cnverritional primary treatment is gm
comprised of raw mmec atter and lots high
volaute solids omen In contrast wasteactivaed sludge(WAS) beer 5wi nary
treasurer is a biological mass comprised primarily of cull bodies,and it has lower
volatile solids content.The City of Neyetievlil cs two W WTPa generate only WAS.
'Itacremie only technologies that are salted for processing WAS were evaluated.
The Cox reeerWy constructed a new mechanical dewatering facility at the Paul R
Noland WpeIF,and mechanical dewatering Waa inelastic of the new West Side
WW]p` Dewatering significantly reduces transportation casts and is required for
landfill disposal Most management practices and Mtlmologies are designed for the
use or processing of dewatered sludge, but select few may not need these facilities
Useof the duwamnng facilities will be considered lathe evaluation.
4.1.2 Flexibility
For this evaluation, Flexibility la deMred as the ability of practice or process to
entrance the City's ability to ideality multiple outlets for Me use or disposal of
bleaches.Dependency on a single outlet can increase in, risk of and,nutlet no longer
being available, as the City las experienced several times in the past Sadden loss of
rM 41
$ecRm4
ScreeNngof Man ivement Fadkes and reohxbpks
the sole outlet can impact opening cases as well as wastewater treatment processing
options Ilia new outlet cannot be readily identified
4.1.3 Reliability
Reliability Is def edas the ability of process or practice to continuously treat or
manage McCq/s blow lals.Individual's of reliability induAe the mmpledtyof the
process, susceptibility of fire practice or process to factors outside the City's control,
and prior performance in similar applications. All of these Indicators will be used us a
measureof the potential reliability of a precticeot presses
4.1.4 Risk
Risk can be broadly delated as fee pwsibility of loss or injury. With regards m
intersects management, loss and injury can take or many aspects, including injury or
lass of human life, Injury to the euvimnmenp and financial lass/rhe potential for
seed regulatory control over facilities and operatiovts roaralso be included as
risk factor. All of these factors ll be considered in Me evaluation of risk associated
will'specific management practices and processes
4.1.5 Odor
Good odor control is an essential elementof rare Citye management program.
Adverse odors emanating from sinecures treatment processes affect nelgbbore and
operations personnel.Tire city has arrested significant effect and funds Into
reducing odors from both treatment facilities and any practices or teclardegies that
could undermine these efforts will not be favorably contained
4.2 Screening of Management Practices and Technologies
Solids generated by wastewater treatment must be removed from the process on a
consistent basis to allow the wastewater treatment processes to function properly. As
Illustrated In Figure 4-1, Mere are three Free management practices available W the
City.
Lend Rased Management Practices
Iand Application
Distribution and Marketing(D&M)
Local
Tbermal Conversion
cm 4-2
Figure 41
BIOSOLIDS MANAGEMENT ^/ �e
PRACTICES AND WWTPe
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES � �
LGwo
�� srA61uZ4nory
PF OCEss
WASTEACTIVATED _
SLUDGERWAM) 6--.- .._...._...._..._ aaaoo
EXISTING BELT OAT®
O�ABILIZATION
MED FI LTEq Pq E66
MENT DEWATEPING
CEe
nan
oo 01EP UIJ anI YITHERMALlinuCONVERSIONPRACTICES l sorervitliflotill
unne s�iu°aeiva�o'u�ireiamn
LANDFILL AMA
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
b
Saw,,,
Screening or Msnrgemont G2Grosn and Twhnolog95
Land based practices and landfilling are tis most commonly used practices for
biosolids management in the U.S. According to a nabonal survey,55 percent of the
blosollds produced in the D.S.In 2004 wase budeficidiy applied to land while 2S
percent were landfilled(NFUItA, 2009). The mandinder was either incinerated (15
percent)or disposed in surface disposal sites(2 percent).
Following is an evaluation and screening ofthese management practices.
4.2.1 Land Based Management Practices
rand based management practices involve the use of the shoulders;a fertilizer or
soil conditioner. Cls high current and orgenic matter content of bimmids have
proven to benefit me growth of crops, grasses,and over, is well as Impmve the
physical characteristics of soils. Prior m use,the biosolids must he mdad by
processes designed W reduce the pathogen content and vector attraction.
Rowever,as previously discussed in Section 20 Regulatory issues, nen guidelines
and proposed nutrient management regulations&windy restrict fire feasibility of
using b boot ids as a for Mizen in Northwest Arkansas-A combination of facto ns,
including sail characteristics and historic land management practices,has produced
relatively idgb phosphorus concentrations in the sons throughout the region,These
high beclagmnnd levels,along with watershed management issues,nave forced the
need to limit phosphorus loadings in the Illinois River and White River watersheds.
As a reside in 2003, the Gty stopped its si eessfW lead application progrem using the
City owned farm Continued application on privately owned sites In the region was
not pmcti al due to the nutrient management issues.
Although the nutrient management issues eleentidly preclude land application In the
region,land application isstill precured In other parts of the state not shared by the
phosphams managementlesues. The nearest area would be approximately 75-100
miles one-way in the Arkansas River valley.In addition,some of the stabilization
processes, such as mmposnns,could generate a product that has use in the region
Fallowing a an evaluation of land based management as it applies to Circleville.
4.2.1.1 Applicability to Fayetteville's Treatment Facilities
The WAS generated by the City's facilities will besuitable for land based
management panics following the use ofd stabilization process/@e solids could be
stabilised either prior to or following dewatering Dewatering will be needed to
reduce the mass of biosolids to be maintained for any of these precured to be cost
-
wmpotitivc.
4.2.1.2 Flexibility
The flexibility of the vast will be dependent on the level of treatment provided
Typically,increased levels of treatment will genasam products with a broader range of
outlets Yet,ever for produce complying with the minimal level of treatment(Class
If. multiple application sites can be Identified.Therefore if onsite Is lost due W
core 4-4
Secfia?d
Swe,ed ofMecegemenl P2dice5 and T Mrokgkx
development or ther ovismor,outside tire City's control, the binomials can stillbe
applied.therefore, land based management practices offer a reasonable level of
flexibility.
4.2.1.3 Reliability
Land based management practices If ..proven to be reliable practices for many
utilities for decades. Yet, file level of reliability is often dependent on the region slid
factors that are often orrreide of miliyrs control One example is the nutrient
management issues In Northwest Arkansan. Anotherexample is the continued
growth of subnrbu into tadidonal agricultural regions,which has hereased
pressures on numerous programs.Transport dlsmnces have increased along with the
potential for neighbors to voice concerns or complaints about perceptions offiramrs
being dumped In their backyard.Have factors can have an impact on the overall
reliability of land based practicesincreased levels of treatment to produce higher
quality b rend ids products can help to mitigate Huse ouside factors.
4.2.1.4 Risk
All management practices carry a certain level of riskSome of the risks associated
with land bared management practices include the potential for truck accidents,
increasingly Moro stringent regulations dimpling sates and outlet availability, and
complaints from neighbors at application sites. procedures can be implemented red
help m(bgate Mcwc risks, but they will net be elimmareck land based management
practices are considered M Vose an aaepwble level of usk for further evaluation of
the practice
4.2.15 Odor
With land based management practices there Is a risk of odors from the tootrnent
processes as well as from the application or use practice. Odors from processes will be
addressed In a following seetiom Odors at the application or use site can be ml6gatcl
du ugh the use ofblosotids treatment processes that cancer flip tonsillitis lets
whoscible. However, many forearn Matador generation and some of theseare
outside a utilltyrS control.Thus, there is a risk for odor complaints associated with
land based management in address,but this risk may be manageable given the
trconcerti process used and the outlets Identified.
4.2.1.6 Sumewry
Nutrient management issues will eormtrain Meuse of hospitals inNorMwed
Arkansas through land based management practices. Some treatment processes will
gercrsmi a product that will be suitable for some outlets in the region, but the primary
e will likely be outside the region. However, the practice fa applicable for the City's
facilities and sludge, It offers flexibility,and has a long track record in many parts of
Arkansas and other areas of Mo U.S.'the refore, land based management practices
should be further evaluated.
cm 45
Serson4
Screenven of Management%crown and TaysioOda
4.2.2 Landfilling
Landfilling has been used since 2063 for the disposal of denatured! WAS from the
City's plants. the ON has been forced W use several landfills during this period due
to specific landfills co sing acceptance of the smel Some Landfill operations
companies prefer sotto accept sludge because itis more difficult to manage than
Solid waste I he ALL,in Send Springs,Oklahoma, recently stopped accepting Me
City's sludge with little notice,as described in Sector 2.1. This has forced the City to
e alternative landfills that am further away and have significantly higher tipping
fees. the recent difficulties with AHL Illustrate fire susceptibility of the pleasant to the
operators of the landfill.
4.2.2.1 Applicability to Fayetteville's Facilities
As evidenced he the current management pracfire, Landfilling is well suited for the
City's sludge charazteristca and would not require new facilities
422.2 Flexibility
There are multiple landfills In Alternate Missouri, and Oklahoma that will accept
wastewater sludges.These include the Waste Management landfill in Russellville
Arkansas, the Allied Waste Landfill In L ocarn distance and the ALL in Sand Springs,
Oklahoma however. the Oklahoma Departmentof Environmental Quality requires
that sludges disposed In Old landfills he stabilized to meet the Federal Part 563 Class
H pathogen reduction criteria, which cmrentiy precludes City sludge form being
disposed In these landfill.
4.2.2.3 Reliability
Although than are multiple landfills available, tike reliability of these outlets is not
favorable_reaches carbide the City's control can affect tire ability and willingness of a
Landfill to accept the City's sludge Reductions in solid waste concepts or highly
odorous sludges from other utilities round rem Itina sudden Msme to sludge. AHL's
recent closures are an example. Prior to AHL, the face Landfill in Porter,Oklahoma
stopped amopting the City's sludge with a 30-day notice Furthermore, as of this
study,the City has not been able W mgofiate a long-term contract to improve the
reliability of this practice.
4.2.2.4 Mark
The primary risk of iaulfllling is associated with truck traffic As landfill distales
increase, the time for the Citrus trucks on the roads will increase. This carries withit
n Withent implark in the risk of am accident and spill on the roads.Volume
reduction processes can help had nee the number of foods and time for trucks on the
rands.
4.2.25 Odor
The risk for out associated with landfilling is nut high, Recall mprovements In Me
treatment facilities at the Paul R. Noland W WTP and the Implementation of the new
Let Sid,WWTP have reduced plant clatul odors.I'here is some risk of when
CCM ac
reason
Scuranea of Management Froccies and Te hnextes
during transport, but covering trucks helps mitigate that risk. W At,solids are
typically less putresclb@ than solids with raw primary sludge, Mas the level of odors
at the landfill should not be a significant problem to the landfill operators
4.2.2m Shmmary
license significant concern,roam dung relNbilty, landfilling is recommended for
furors evaluation. Most landfill stick,do not extras additional processing,and
negotiation of a long center contract would help alleviate reliability concerns.
4.2.3 Thermal Conversion Practices
Thermal com iot practices include incineration and a number of emerging thermal
oxidation processes Hat produce energy or products for alternative hear. Incineration
has as attenuate hese used by target utilities in densely populated areas with limited
accessibility as land bound practices or landfilling_Few, If any, new Incineration
facilities have been developed is the O.S. over the last two decades based on CDM',
esperfence Some utilities have nebullt or replaced existing eyetpment wilt) newer
technology,but tile overall Firm has been a decrease in the number of Facilities using
emfionAne of the key reasons for this downward trend is thenegadve
perceptions asswtated with incineration,both with the public and regulatory
agencies Dmpirc the improvements in emissions cvntrolsystees, these negative
peroeptierts can often be insurmountable net approval of how facility. For this
reason, InChaTi umwll not be far evaluated as part of the study_
In addition to incineration, there are a number of emerging practices that use thermal
oxidation to create affirmative furls or produces, or to tender the solids Inert
Following is a brief overview of each of these teclmologies
Vitrification -use of a high throlowmm thermal prows to meat the sludge and
create glass agg)ugate flatcan be used as construction filler. Minergy
Car petition hits developed a proprietary system that combines drying with the
maiung step to Improve thermal effidency. One full scale facility has been
constructed by the North SomeSanitatlon District(Waukegan, plants),file
notice began operation in 2007, but has been unable to operate continuously due
to equipment problems. fire facility u currently off-line (drying portion is in use)
being evaluated to determine necessary improvements to maintain consistent
conbnuons operation.
Gsslficalm-conversion of carlder ed feedstocks using incomplete thermal
oxidation to create a synthetic gas (syngis) that can be combusted as an energy
source. the sludge would br subjected to high heat(tempemmrns>1400 -F), high
pressure,and calibrated oxygen levels in actor.The molecular structure of the
feed is broken down, genet sued a syngas composed primarily ofcar bon
monoxide and hydrogen, with soma cat bon dioxide and methane.Byproducts of
the process include char and liquid odeshvams.Gasification her,been used in a
wide variety of applications, including gasification of coal and biomass, but has
not been applied to wastewater aludges oma fidbseale basis Stamford,
CCM a >
Sodom
Sveeving of Menapemenl Ho am Tactua his
Connecticut it currently pilot testing the rise of dried blosolhls in a gasification
proaesu With increasing energy costs,a number of private corporations have
developed modular gasifiwt0n systems and are targeting the wastewater
industry. Some of these Include MaxWut Environmental Systems, Alternative
Energy Solutions, Primeuxgy,and Nu-Fower Technologies.
Supercritical Water Oxidation(SWoo - thickened sludge(not dewatered) is
combined with ricin a vessel under high heat(>705°F) cerci pressure(,3,204 psia).
Under these supercritical comlltlons,organics are rapidly oxidized to Inert
material The making material de eaters early and is suitable far landfill
disposal. Energy is recovered from the process to help sustain the reaction.
Phosphates recovery may by possible with the proteose To 2001,a demonstration
facility was constructed and operated using wastewater sludge ata facuuy In
Hoo n,Texas. The facility was notable to maintain consistent operation and
stopped mdr on the same year The City of Orlando, Florida has constructed
demonstration facility thank scheduled to start operation In late 2008Theresults
of twtprogram are not available yet
Sludge m Oil or Fuel-conversion of the sludge tea carbon-rich fuel Ther
leverad different propnetary configurations that have been developed and tested
with municipal sludges.They all use high read and pressure to thermally
breakdown the sludge in thea vane of ro The most well-known k the
Slurry-Cart,process by EntnTWH EmiPwh has constructed a facility capable of
processing 675 wet mons per day In Rialto,California. (EPA 2006)The facility is
scheduled to start operation in 2009. Enertech has indicated kind such large
quantities are needed to make the process coscompetitive Tipping fees to
eucipafites delivering their sludge to the Face tech facility for conversion are
xpected to,be greater than S70 per wet ten
The following assessment is based on consideration of these emerging practices
4.23.1 Applicability to Fayetteville's Facilities
Tire WAS generated by both of the City's plants could Im used in all of these emerging
processes. All but SCWO would require dewatering Homebred and the construction
of new processing facilities by the City ora Ensure entry.
4.2.3.2 Flexibility
The products from some of these emerging twhnolegim have greater flexibility in
outlets than tile do For example, the lightweight aggregate produced by
vitrification should have a large number of outlets Fly,sludge at fuel processes may
be able to generate Neikirk mi multiple users. However, the solids byproduct from
SCWO would likely need to be landfilled Gasification will also leave anash residue
that will likely require landfill disposal.
COM as
Seolbn4
Sesenlnp of Management Predkve and 7,chm ries
4.2.3.3 Reliability
All of these processes ate merhannally intensive and complex systems They have not
been proven in large scale applications with municipal sludges. Thom tort have been
implemented at demonstration or full scale levels Imveeither been per slut
down or,are m re being examined determine system needs dc' vitrification). These
thermal conversion technologies are missLeaed to live a Imo level of reliability.
4.2.3.4 Risk
The i sad complexity and use of high temperatures and pressures increases the
safety risk to equipment opoom ors. The redricfiou in volume provided by the
processes will help failure transportation ds".
4.2.3.5 Odor
Treating sludge under high Comp bdurks and pressures poses a significant risk for
inceassid odor generation at the treatment site Some of the processes are better suited
for capture and trmtmert of emissions than others, but sldastrcame from the
processes can also be significant odor sources.
4.2.3.6 Summary
Due to the low reliability and high potential for odors,itis recommended cast thermal
conversion processes not To further evaluated.The City can mntinuc to monitor
developrreents with these technologies for future considerationpull-scale zpplicxtlotss
are needed to work out operational and mechanical difficulties and better define
system costs and odor potential.
4.3 Screening of Technologies
Two management produces were selected for norther evaluation: and based
management and landfilling.The Cltds bclGties already dewaur WAS, therefore, no
additional processing is required for landfilling. The focus of the section ival be on
tetlurologies suitable for land based managemefu practices.
Thom are several options available to the City for implementing a land faced
management program.
The City stabilizes bbs olids and is responsible for managing the final use of the
dead art Including Ideneficahon of the sits, transport and application as
necessary.
The City stabilizes the blosolds and uses a contractor to manage the final rise of
the product The City could deliver the solids to the contractor or require them to
supply transport.
A contractor Is responsible for all Wpuvrs ofsmbllizatlon and management of the
solids. The City could either transport to a coohutots processing facility or have
the contractor provide all transport services.
CMM 49
Sxlion 4
fostering Di Management Gmgkvrs and Te feessgles,
There ate advantages and disadvantages to each of these options, which will be
explored later in this report For the to edition of technologies, it will be assumed tlat
either of the first too methods of implementation as used and the City will be
responsible for stabilizing the blomlide. One exception was made to this process
because of the specialty wammcntand expertise required for operating and
producing ahigh grade fertilizer.
4.3.1 Aerobic Digestion
Aerobic digestion is a stabilization process using biological oxidation of the organic
omponeats of me sludge. WAS is aerated similar to the activated sludge process
used for wastewater treatment.cloth conventional and smother anal thermophule
aerobic digestion (ATAD) processes can be read. Advantages include the simplicity of
the matrix and the stability of the final product Disadvantages include high "Plot
and O&M (energy) costs,problems demonatratiug regulatory compliance during
wine months, and odor potential.
4.3.1.1 Applicability to Fayetteville's Facilities
The City has used aerobic digestion are the pastae Lie loan[R. Noland W WTp. Itis
possible that some existing tanks could be used as digesters, but aredetaled
evaluation of facility improvements would be required. New tanks and an session
system would the required for the new,West Side W WTP_
4.3.1.2 Flexibility
the Flexibility asseximpol with either conventionally digested or ATAD Meader is
limited. Conventional digestion Is only capable of minting the Class hpathogen
reduction aporia, and thus can be difficult in winter conditions.The resulting Close e
biosolids would be restricted to bulk agriculture apphraticrs ATAD will comply
with Class Arequirements, which will allow a broader range of outlets under the
regulations. However, the physical characteristics of the dewatered ATAD sludge do
not differ significantly from the conventional material and the prime v outlet for the
product will be back agriculMrc applications.
4.3.18 Reliability
Cooentonal aerobic digestion is aeleven process and iscommonly used with WAS.
As previously noted, some systems have expos e ri oed difficulties In being able to
consistently meet the pathogen reduction mquiremenec especially during winter
Orme. Utilities began using ATAD systems In the 1990;with the advent of fire Part
503 regulators.fierce facilities implementing the process ended up abandoning it due
to odor problcrosand poor dewatembility. Improvements In fire process have been
developed to help nittigate most of these issues.
4.31.4 Risk
The primary risk associated with digestion is through the tomsportof the product to
the application site. Conventional aerobic digestion will reduce fire mass of solids M
be land applied, but tire reduction will not be substantial and will not significantly
CCM 4-,o
Session
Soreenrng of Manggement PeWoea and Teohnokq/es
reduce the truck transport requirements ATADsh uidprovideagreaterteducdonin
volatile solids Man conventional,but the Mere will still be a significant mass of
deeathand solids to be disposed. There is also a risk for conventional digestion
processes not complying with pathogen reduction insets, forcing fire City to have to
landfill Me noneompliontmaMrial. The ATAD process should beable M maaismntly
comply with the pathogen reduction interim.
43.1.5 Odom
The City has had expelnwith both conventional digestion and indirectly with
ATAD. Aerobic digcshouwas the stabilization process previously used for the land
application program on theCov-armed firm. Elie digestion proceed was used for
tendered priority sludge and WAS.The process isnot well soared for use with
primarysludges because of the difficulty of Emigrating the oxygen m the prhnary
sludge. base often results in odors from the process.Covering the digesters induced y
resulted In the or going thenwphilic(ATAD) by retaining heat given off by the
yesecows. Although odour word contained with the covers,the resulting product was
odorous Although the city m longer generams a prunary sludge specter plant,
aerobic digestion could pose a risk for increased odors at the plants An ATAD
process would pose the greatest risk ofinaeaswl odor generation at[lie sites
43.1.6 Suisam7
Although aerobic digestion Is a proven process,bis not recombination hit humor
evaluation because it does notsigrafican ly improve flexiblilty, it does not
significantly improve riskassoc]ated with transport,and it increases the risk of odors
at the plant dlte.
4.3.2 Alkaline Stabilization
Alkaline Stabilization is a physical stabilization process that temporarily stabilizes the
assume by raising die par to levels Bad kill m inhibit pathogen growth and imilbkt
vector attraction red notion There are a number of different methods for achieving
alkaline stabilization, ranging from Me simple mixing of lime with the sludge to
achieve Class B stabilization, to proprietary powessess using external heat sources or
additional chemicals to aclume the higher levels of Class A stabilization.
the advantages of alkaline stables then include the simplicity of the process and
relatively lav capital cost in comparison to ether processes.Disadvantage; include
higher O&M casts, greater vomme W transport and use, and detu9omfion of facilities
due M corrosive 1adure of the alkaline magent.Tire process also gives off ammonia
and can be dusty, creating a peer work environment for operators.
4.3.2.1 Applicability to Fayetteville's Facilities
Alkaline stabilization is a viable process for the O 's dewateted WAsi.New facilities
would need to be constructed to support the promise. Basic equipment requirements
include alkaline material storage (typically sloe, mixing immense,and finished
product siorege More advance processes could square additional vessels for
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Added?4
Scresnas of Msnevement Precl es and Techirdhiex
demonstrating regulatory compliance, additional thermal feed ogodpmemt cannel
heat tenures, and other equipment.
4.3.2.2 Flexibility
The enamels ham alkaline stabilization proadwis ane typically beat suited to serve is
liming agen5 for bulk upaukune applications As a liming agent, the land base
needed to support the process will be larger than when used as a fertilizer_
Application to apmiicular site will likely be needed an a periodic basis, such as once
very three to five years because of the effect on soil pH. Therefore, the Flexibility
associated with an alkaline stabilized product will be limited
4.3.2.3 Reliability
Alkaline stabilization has proven to be reliable,sample process fic"tabilizing
bieselids.The process should be able to consistently process the Gq+s solids.The
primary feeror affecting reliability will be the source of Nue alkaline material and the
ability is Identify outlets for the product.
4.3.2.4 Risk
Most alkaline stabilization processes will Incase the mass of material to be
transported offsite for use. Depending on the method selected, the inu'easeca,nbe
significant In addition, cocks will be required in trursport the alkaline material to me
W WTpy further increasing truck traffic into and at of the plants.
4.32.5 Odor
Alkaline stabilization Is a temporary stabilization promss. When the pH drops,
biological degradation of tire solids ren begin.Under certain conditions, such as
extended storage,a drop in pH will allow anaerobic biological degradation to begin
Hydmg®n sulfide con M generated in this process,creating significant odor problems.
Clew A processes that use large quanttes of alkaline mmm,l five Ices risk of odor
production because the pH too be namntalned an the required elevated level for an
extended period
4.3.2.6 Summary
Alkaline stabilization is noticcommcnded for barren evaluation because of Na
creased risk associated with truck transport and the increased odor potential
associated with onsite storage of the product.
4.3.3 Composting
Composting is an aerobic biological paces, much like aerobic digestion but itis
performed using dewatered sludge and generates a Class A product. I fewatered
sludges are mused with bulking agents and amendment to provide 6ufflatent
per nspy and proper carbon/nitrogen balance.'flm mixed material is allowed to sit in
fares for an extended period and is either mechanically agitated or aerated to maintain
aerobic conditions.The resulting product is low in nutrient variant but is well suited
for ice asaccepted: soil amendment There are several compestsystem
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Sedo"4
Screening fiesmie eni Romrs,and Techrassia,
confummations ranging,from completely enclosed reactor systems to simple aerated
static piles.The primary advantage of the process Is the generation of a Ngh quality
product thatccn be easily shred. Disadvantages include the large volume of material
handling, tis need for a reliable amendment/bulking agent socias,and potential
odors.
4.3.3.1 Applicability W Fayettuvilie s Facilities
Composting could be perfonmxl using the City's dewatered WAS.Equipment
requirements for a new facility will be dependent on the compost method selected.
the aerated static pile system would require the least amount of specialized
equipment, relying primarily on fronend loaders for nixing and placing the
compost in piles Small bkovion and aeration piping would also be required.
4.3.3.2 Fie sit bility
Compost product has a broad range of utee, from blending with soil to bulk
agriculture applications.Tiaditionnl users of composted products have Included
Landscapers, nurseries, parks,and soil bleeders
4.3.3.3 Reliability
Composdng is a reliable process and hasbeen successfully used bye large number of
utilities throughout the ITS The process docs require camhtl operator attention to
blend ratios and other process parameters to meet the stabilization edtetla However,
some facilities have been closed or reduced in size due to dor control issues.
4.3.3.4 Risk
The primary risks associated with cooperating include odor potential and increased
truck traffic. Odor issues arc addressed in the following section.
'I he volume of maleuvlmwed in and out of the compost facility will be Increased
over that involved with consistent ofcake.One tounce,of increased truck traffic is the
bulking agent/amendment that will need to be delivered to the site. Although the
sludge and amendment are biologically degraded and moisture Is driven off by tis
exothermic process, typically them will bean increase in pmduct volume compared to
transporting dewatered cake The Increase In volume will vary based onsite-specific
characterismn,but a 30 percent increase In pmduct volume alone(not including
amendment delivered) could be expected.
4.3.3.5 Odor
Odom haveben a significant problem for composting facilities for years As
previously noted,adore have resulted In the closure of compost facilities.The process
givesoff a unique, musty odor that can be offensive forcing people Exacerbating this
problem ran be anaerobic pockets within to active compost piles Enclosure of the
facility and other procures to collect process air and asit itcan be used to help
reduce victor potential,but full mntalnnvN and treatment are difficult to achieve.
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