HomeMy WebLinkAbout1998-02-26 - Agendas - Final•
1
AGENDA
FIREMEN'S PENSION AND RELIEF BOARD
February 26, 1998
11:00 a.m.
City Hall Room 326
1. Approval of January 29, 1998 minutes.
2. Approval of Pension List for March 1998.
3. Investment report, Merrill Lynch
OLD BUSINESS
1. Attorney General options
NEW BUSINESS
1. Drop applications
2. Other business
•
•
•
•
MINUTES OF THE FIRE PENSION BOARD
A meeting of the Fayetteville Firemen's Pension and Relief Board
was held on Thursday, January 29, 1998, at 11:00 a.m., in room
326 of the City Administration Building, 113 W. Mountain,
Fayetteville, Arkansas.
PRESENT:
ABSENT:
Marion Doss, Bill Morris, Darrell Judy, Ron Wood, Pete
Reagan, and Deputy City Clerk Jane Heth.
Mayor Fred Hanna
CALL TO ORDER
Marion Doss called the meeting to order.
MINUTES
Reagan, seconded by Wood, moved to approve the minutes of the
December 11, 1997, meeting. The motion passed unanimously.
PENSION LIST
There were no changes to the pension list.
Reagan, seconded by Wood, moved to approve the pension list for
February, 1998. The motion passed unanimously.
INVESTMENT REPORT
Richard Yada and Curtis Williams of Merrill Lynch were present to
review the portfolio performance.
Yada reported that New Mexico Capital gave a return last year of
16.97%. It probably under -performed the market a little, but is
not bad for a conservative portfolio.
The income account was up 6.38%. Keeping money available will be
even more critical now that the DROP program is in place.
.The Keystone Account had a 30% return rate, which is excellent.
Yada gave an update on the Select 10 Program. To try to get some
diversification, we put some money into the Dow, United Kingdom,
Japan, and Hong Kong high-quality stock funds. The Dow and
United Kingdom are excellent. Hong Kong was excellent until
about November. Japan never has done anything. We will not
renew the Japan. Hong Kong will probably bounce back with a
vengeance. We are down about $39,000.
We have 46% of our assets in the stock market. Fixed Income has
47%. Cash is 6%. One percent is in the "other" category. We
are almost right on our target.
Keystone is managing 14% of our portfolio. New Mexico Capital
Management has 420. Our income account is 44%.
Yada reported the actuary will be run as of the end of 1997. It
should be back by Augdst. He reviewed the last one done in 1995,
before we approved the DROP and benefit increases. Then, we were
sound in all categories. For the short-term test, we have to
have $173,000 coming into the account, plus enough to reduce the
unfunded liability of the plan. We are not supposed to be fully
actualized until 2003. We have used up the cushion we had. The
total liability of the plan is $9,045,983 and assets at the time
were $8,897,000. The unfunded liability was only $148,000. He
reviewed the insurance turn backs over the last three years and
the local millage. The investment return for 1993 was 10.9%,
1994 was 6.9%, and 1995 was 13.4%. 1997 will probably have a 7%
to 8% rate of return range.
Yada explained that we try to diversify our investment styles as
we do our investments. The two styles of investing are growth
and value. Keystone is a growth style. New Mexico is a value
style.
Reagan asked about replacing Japan.
Williams replied we have to have global diversification.• We need
to find the most efficient and least troublesome way of doing it.
OLD BUSINESS
VOLUNTEER PAY
Reagan reported he requested information from the Pension Review
Board regarding what other cities pay their volunteers. He has
not received an answer yet.
OSBORN, CARREIRO & ASSOC., INC. LETTER
Reagan suggested writing a letter to Cathyrn Hinshaw of the PRB
about a letter dated October 3, 1997, from Osborn, Carreiro &
Associates that was not received by the board until recently.
This was regarding 1996 DROP Interest Rate Certification.
Doss explained he'd been told by Cathyrn Hinshaw that a copy of
this letter had been sent earlier and may have been misdirected.
In the future, it should come addressed to the board.
NEW BUSINESS
ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINIONS
Reagan stated that in the future he would like to see Attorney
General opinions before the pension board meeting. It was
decided the City Clerk would provide each board member with
information like this in the agenda packet. These opinions will
be discussed at the next meeting.
LIST OF DROP PARTICIPANTS
Doss reported that the finance department sends him a list. of
DROP participants and their investments. He sends a copy of it
to them. He suggested keeping the originals in the City Clerk's
office. He turned the originals over to the Clerk.
NCPERS
Reagan stated he'd received information on the National
Conference on. Public Employee Retirement Systems (NCPERS).
Membership would be $100 annually. They send out a monthly
monitor of what is happening on Capitol Hill. They have a
conference once a year. Their mission statement states they were
formed over 50 years ago to take a stand against mandatory social
security coverage for public employees. He stated the annual
conference would be held in Denver in April.
Reagan moved to join NCPERS. Wood seconded. The motion carried
unanimously.
Reagan offered to be considered as a delegate to the Denver
conference. It was thought this would be paid for by the pension
fund.
Judy moved to send Reagan to the conference. Reagan seconded.
The motion carried unanimously.
DROP FORM
•
Doss reported that Marilyn Crammer has prepared a form showing
the formula used for the DROP, which is available for anyone who
is interested in it.
TWENTY-YEAR CERTIFICATE
A twenty-year certificate was signed for Eddie Bachman.
ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned at 12:06 p.m.
FIREMEN'S RELIEF AND'PENSION FUND
MARCH 1998
• THE FOLLOWING ARE THE OBUGATIONS OF THE FIREMEN'S RELIEF FUND FOR THE
MONTH OF MARCH 1998. YOU ARE HEREBY INSTRUCTED TO ISSUE CHECKS TO THE
PAYEES, IN THE AMOUNTS SHOWN, AND FOR THE PURPOSE SO STATED.
•
EMP# NAME
43 BAIRD, RICHARD H.
2 BLACKARD, PAUL
63 BOLAIN, ANN
44 BOUDREY, BETTY MRS.
45 BOUDREY, HOWARD
49 BOUDREY, JACK
4 CARL, FLOYD JR
5 CASELMAN, ARTHUR
57 CATE, ROY
6 CHRISTIE, ARNOLD
8 COUNTS, WAYNE
61 DAVIS, BEULAH F.
10 DEARING, EMMA MRS.
11 FARRAR, ALONZO
38 FRALEY JOSEPH G.
33 HARRIS, BILL C.
34 HARRIS, JAMES E.
64 JORDAN, CHARLIE
47 JUDY, DARRELL
37 KING, ARNOLD D.
54 KING, ARVIL
12 LANE, HOPE MRS
13 LAYER, MERLIN
14 LEE, HAROLD
51 LEWIS, CHARLES
60 LEWIS, MARVIE
55 LEWIS, ROGER
40 LOGUE, PAUL D.
50 MASON, LARRY
39 MC ARTHUR, RONALD A.
35 MC CHRISTIAN, DWAYNE
15 MC WHORTER, CHARLES
29 MILLER, DONALD
42 MOORE, JAMES H.
17 MORRIS, WILKIE MRS.
16 MORRIS, WILLIAM H.
62 MORRISON, ELIENE
48 MULLENS, DENNIS W.
58 OSBURN, EDWARD
46 OSBURN, TROY
53 POAGE, LARRY
20 POLLY, GRACE A. MRS.
22 REED, JOE
30 SCHADER, EARVEL
41 SCHADER, TROY
23 SKELTON, BURL L.
24 SKELTON, LEE
56 SKELTON, ROY
36 SPRINGSTON, CARL
25 STOUT, ORVILLE
27 TUNE, MILDRED MRS.
26 TUNE, BILLIE SUE
GROSS
FED. TAX ST. TAX NET
1,191.06 100.00
55.00
55.00
1,641.57 180.00
1,383.66
1,088.98 287.68
55.00
75.00
1,182.35
55.00
55.00
377.50
55.00
707.84
1,171 39 100.00
55.00
55.00
1,525.81
1,088.98
1,008.97 100.00
1,131.00 130.00
55.00
417.50
55.00
1,088.98
570.91
570.92 50.00
1,902.69 175.00
1,078.16 78.16
1,159.11 100.00
55.00 30.00
886.19 80.00
863.01 125.00
55.00
55.00
70.00
80.00
1,448.31
1,646.01 160.00
1,255.55 65.81
1556.57 21000
55.00
55.00
923.01
1,007.92 20.00
692.50 42.50
390.00
1,626.02 126.02
609.88 50.00
590.36 50.00
80.00
80.00
1,091.06
55.00
55.00
1,461.57
1,383.66
50.00 751 30
55.00
75.00
1,182.35
55.00
55.00
377.50
55.00
707.84
10.00 1,061.39
55.00
55.00
1,525.81
1,088.98
10.00 898.97
1,001.00
55.00
41750
55.00
1,088.98
570.91
10.00 510.92
20.00 1,707.69
1,000.00
1,059.11
25.00
806.19
738.01
55.00
55.00
70.00
80.00
1,448.31
1,486.01
1,189.74
60.00 1,286.57
55.00
55.00
923.01
987.92
650.00
390.00
50.00 1,450.00
9.88 550.00
540 36
80.00
80.00
•
28 WATTS, DONALD
59 WATTS, WAYNE
52 WRIGHT, RANDALL
DROP EMPLOYEES
JOHNSON, ROBERT
MILLER, KENNETH
WARFORD, THOMAS
BONADUCE, MICHAEL
400.00
1,191.51
1,128.98
96.17
150.00
400 00
1,095.34
978.98
37,713.20 2,506.34 21988 34,986.98
2,042.47
2,129.57
1,659.70
1,975.38
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DO SOLEMNLY SWEAR THAT THE ABOVE OBLIGATIONS ARE
JUST AND CORRECT; THAT NO PART THEREOF HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY PAID• THAT
THE PENSION PAYMENTS SO CHARGED ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACTIONS OF
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE FIREMEN'S RELIEF AND PENSION FUND; THAT
THE SERVICES OR SUPPLIES FURNISHED, AS THE CASE MAY BE, WERE ACTUALLY
RENDERED OR FURNISHED; AND THAT THE CHARGES MADE THEREFORE DO NOT
EXCEED THE AMOUNT ALLOWED BY LAW OR THE CUSTOMARY CHARGE FOR SIMILAR
SERVICES OR SUPPLIES.
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SECRETARY // CHAIRMAN A D PRESIDENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• STATE OF ARKANSAS )
COUNTY OF WASHINGTON) )SS //
SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED BEFORE ME THIS /n/JpAY OF jylgp�7 , 1998.
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•
FIREMEN'S RELIEF AND PENSION FUND
MARCH 1998
• THE FOLLOWING ARE THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE FIREMEN'S RELIEF FUND FOR THE
MONTH OF MARCH 1998. YOU ARE HEREBY INSTRUCTED TO ISSUE CHECKS TO THE
PAYEES, IN THE AMOUNTS SHOWN, AND FOR THE PURPOSE SO STATED.
•
EMP# NAME
43 BAIRD, RICHARD H.
2 BLACKARD, PAUL
63 BOLAIN, ANN
44 BOUDREY, BETTY MRS.
45 BOUDREY, HOWARD
49 BOUDREY, JACK
4 CARL, FLOYD JR
5 CASELMAN, ARTHUR
57 CATE, ROY
6 CHRISTIE, ARNOLD
8 COUNTS, WAYNE
61 DAVIS, BEULAH F.
10 DEARING, EMMA MRS.
11 FARRAR, ALONZO
38 FRALEY JOSEPH G.
33 HARRIS, BILL C.
34 HARRIS, JAMES E.
64 JORDAN, CHARLIE
47 JUDY, DARRELL
37 KING, ARNOLD D.
54 KING, ARVIL
12 LANE, HOPE MRS
13 LAYER, MERLIN
14 LEE, HAROLD
51 LEWIS, CHARLES
60 LEWIS, MARVIE
55 LEWIS, ROGER
40 LOGUE, PAUL D.
50 MASON, LARRY
39 MC ARTHUR, RONALD A.
35 MC CHRISTIAN, DWAYNE
15 MC WHORTER, CHARLES
29 MILLER, DONALD
42 MOORE, JAMES H.
17 MORRIS, WILKIE MRS.
16 MORRIS, WILLIAM H.
62 MORRISON, ELIENE
48 MULLENS, DENNIS W.
58 OSBURN, EDWARD
46 OSBURN, TROY
53 POAGE, LARRY
20 POLLY, GRACE A. MRS.
22 REED, JOE
30 SCHADER, EARVEL
41 SCHADER, TROY
23 SKELTON, BURL L.
24 SKELTON, LEE
56 SKELTON, ROY
36 SPRINGSTON, CARL
25 STOUT, ORVILLE
27 TUNE, MILDRED MRS.
26 TUNE, BILLIE SUE
GROSS
FED. TAX ST. TAX NET
1,191.06 100.00
55.00
55.00
1,641.57 180.00
1,383.66
1,088.98 287.68
55.00
75.00
1,182.35
55.00
55.00
377.50
55.00
707.84
1,171.39 100.00
55.00
55.00
1,525.81
1,088.98
1,008.97 100.00
1,131.00 130.00
55.00
417.50
55.00
1,088.98
570.91
570.92 50.00
1,902.69 175.00
1,078.16 78.16
1,159.11 100.00
55.00 30.00
886.19 80.00
863.01 125.00
55.00
55.00
70.00
80.00
1,448.31
1,646.01 160.00
1,255.55 65.81
1556.57 210.00
55.00
55.00
923.01
1,007 92 20.00
692.50 42.50
390.00
1,626.02 126.02
609 88 50.00
590.36 50.00
80.00
80.00
1,091.06
55.00
55.00
1,461.57
1,383.66
50.00 751 30
55.00
75.00
1,182.35
55.00
55.00
377.50
55.00
707.84
10.00 1,061.39
55.00
55.00
1,525.81
1,088.98
10.00 898.97
1,001.00
55.00
417.50
55.00
1,088.98
570.91
10.00 510.92
20.00 1,707.69
1,000.00
1,059.11
25.00
806.19
738.01
55.00
55.00
70.00
80.00
1,4.48.31
1,486.01
1,189.74
60.00 1,286.57
55.00
55.00
923.01
987.92
650.00
390.00
50.00 1,450.00
9.88 550.00
540.36
80.00
80.00
•
` 28 WATTS, DONALD
59 WATTS, WAYNE
52 WRIGHT, RANDALL
DROP EMPLOYEES
JOHNSON, ROBERT
MILLER, KENNETH
WARFORD, THOMAS
BONADUCE, MICHAEL
400.00
1,191.51
1,128.98
96.17
150.00
400.00
1,095.34
978.98
37,713.20 2,506.34 21988 34,986.98
2,042.47
2,129.57
1,659.70
1,975.38
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DO SOLEMNLY SWEAR THAT THE ABOVE OBLIGATIONS ARE
JUST AND CORRECT; THAT NO PART THEREOF HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY PAID; THAT
THE PENSION PAYMENTS SO CHARGED ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACTIONS OF
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE FIREMEN'S RELIEF AND PENSION FUND; THAT
THE SERVICES OR SUPPLIES FURNISHED, AS THE CASE MAY BE, WERE ACTUALLY
RENDERED OR FURNISHED; AND THAT THE CHARGES MADE THEREFORE DO NOT
EXCEED THE AMOUNT ALLOWED BY LAW OR THE CUSTOMARY CHARGE FOR SIMILAR
SERVICES OR SUPPLIES.
6724t27/./ :/7411,1
ECREY CHAIRMAN AN PRESID NT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• STATE OF ARKANSAS )
COUNTY OF WASHINGTON) )SS
SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED BEFORE ME THIS0W DAY OF mahc4 , 1998.
•
NOTAR YPUBUC
MY COMMISSION EXPIRES: 3-1- 0700r
FEB 26 '98 10:21AM MERRILL LYNCH L R
FAYETTEVILLE FIRE DEPT PENSION AND RELIEF FUND
PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE 12/31/97 TO 1/31/98
NM CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
•
INCOME ACCOUNT
KEYSTONE ASSET MGNT
3•MONTHS TREASURY BILLS
DJIA W/DIV REINVESTED
S & P 500 W/DIV REINVEST
LONG TERM TREASURY BONDS
HIGH GRADE CORP BONDS
CPI {'oct}
NM CAPITAL (time wtd}
INCOME ACCOUNT
1.1 KEYSTONE ASSET MGNT
•
JANUARY 1996
Dow
United Kingdom
Japan
Hong Kong
MAY 1996
Dow
United Kingdom
Japan
Hong Kong
SEPT 1996
Dow
United Kingdom
Japan
Hong Kong
12/31/97
$ 4,647,115
4,897,448
1.561.424
11,106,027
12/31/95
+ 5.46
+35.53
+34,94
+27.63
+23.51
+ 2.67
+15.68
+15.61
original inv.
$75,000
75,000
75,000
75,000
575,000
75,000
75,000
75,000
$75,000
75,000
75,000
75,000
P.1
1/31/98 ;2[7:44 191
$4,612,909 eV, 730, aso
4,957,631
cif V7',0410
L513.830 /, G.26,1/39
11,084,370 6 5 33, Esse-
L
12/31/96 12/31/97 1/31/98
+ 5.31
+29.49
+22.98
- 1.21
+ 1.61
+ 3.32
+11.37
+ 4.25
+17.91
+ 5.33
+24.87
+33.36 .
+15.38
+13.42
+ 1.70
+16.97
+ 6.38
+30.80
1/31/98
$ 106,114
88,463
36,186
55,134
$ 98,165
108,581
35,651
53,148
$ 100,974
97,090
41,132
50,929
+0.47
+0.12
+1.15
+2.00
+1.46
-0.60
+1.15
-3.04
ARKANSAS FIRE & POLICE PENSION REVIEW BOARD
®f c 75
7997
F WMCE OERI
MEMORANDUM
P.O. DRAWER 34164
LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS 72203
TELEPHONE (501) 682-1745
FAX: (501) 682.1751
TO: Local Fire and Police Pension Funds with the Deferred
Retirement Option Plan (DROP)
FROM: Arkansas Fire and Police Pension Review Board C%
RE: Opinions of the Attorney General regarding DROP
DATE: December 10, 1997
• Attached please -find copies of Opinion•No. 97-007 and No.
97-219 of the Arkansas Attorney General, regarding various
aspects of administration of the Deferred Retirement Option Plan
(DROP).
The Arkansas Fire and Police Pension Review Board wanted
your Pension Board of Trustees to be aware of these opinions.
FROM uAR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO I
Winston Bryant
Attorney General
1997,07-23 09:50 #821 P.06/11
STATE OF ARKANSAS
Office of the Attorney General
Opinion No. 97-007
February 7, 1997
The Honorable Louis McJunkin
State Representative
P.O. Box 223
Springdale, Arkansas 72765-0223
Dear Representative McTunkin:
Telephone;
(501) 682-2007
This official Attorney General opinion is issued in response to your recent
questions regarding the boards of trustees of firemen's pension and relief funds.
You describe a scenario in which a city's Fire Chief retired and the mayor
appointed one of two Assistant Fire Chiefs to serve as the Acting Fire Chief until a
permanent Fire Chief is chosen by the Civil Service Commission. The Assistant
Fire Chief who was appointed has less seniority than the other Assistant Fire
Chief
In light of the above-described scenario, you have presented the following
questions:
(1) Under the provisions of A.C.A. § 24-11-801,
should the Assistant Fire Chief who has less seniority
but who is serving as Acting Fire Chief serve on the
pension fund's board of trustees in the place of the
permanent Fire Chief or should the Assistant .Fire
Chief who has more seniority serve on the board m the
place of the permanent Fire Chief?
(2) What is the definition of "the highest ranking
member of the fire department," as that phrase is used
• 200 Tower Building, 323 Center Street • Little Rock, Arkansas 72201.2610
FROM :AR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO
The Honorable Louis Mchunkin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-007
Page 2
RESPONSE
1997.07-23 09151 #021 P.07/11
in A.C.A. § 24-11-801(a)(3)? (For example, in the
scenario described above, if the city hires a permanent
fire chief who is not a member of the pension fund and
therefore is not on the board, would the highest ranking
member of the fire department be the Assistant Chief
who has the most senionty, or would it be the Assistant
Chief who previously served as Acting Fire Chief but
who is now back in the rank of Assistant Fire Chief?)
(3) For purposes of voting as active members or retired
members pursuant to A.C.A. § 24 -1i -801(c) and (d),
should employees who have elected to be on the
Deferred Retirement Option Plan (DROP) vote as
active members or as retired members during the five
year period between their election of DROP and their
actual retirement?
Question .1 — Under the provisions of A.CA. a' 24-11-801, should the Assistant
Fire Chief who has less seniority but who is serving as Acting Fire Chief serve on
the pension fund's board of trustees in the place of the permanent Fire Chief or
should the Assistant Fire Chief who hay more seniority serve on the board in the
place of the permanent Fire Chief?
It is my opinion that the Assistant Fire Chief who is serving as Acting Fire Chief
should serve on the pension fund's board of trustees in place of the permanent Fire
Chief during his tenure as Acting Fire Chief.
The provisions of A.C.A. § 24-11-801 state the following with regard to who
should serve on the board:
(a) The board of trustees of every firemen's pension
and relief fund established in a city, incorporated town,
or duly qualified fire protection district pursuant to the
provisions of this subchapter shall be composed of the
following:
FROM 1RR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO
inc nuuurdDie LOWS MCJunlan
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-007
Page 3
•
•
1997,07-23 09151 #821 P.09/11
(1) The chief executive, who shall serve as chairman of
the board;
(2) The city or district clerk or recorder, who shall
serve as secretary of the board;
(3) The fire chief or, if the fire chief is not a member of
the fund the highest ranking member of the fire
department who is a member and who is willing to
serve; and
(4) Four (4) active or retired members of the pension
fund.
A.C.A. § 24-11-801(a) (emphasis added).
•
The statutes governing firemen's pension funds do not provide any guidance in
addressing the scenario that you have described. Nevertheless, the language of the
above -quoted statute regarding the compositwn of the board is unambiguous. It is
therefore appropriate to give that language its plain, commonly -understood
meaning. Caplener v. Bluebonnet Milling Co., 322 Ark 751, 911 S.W.2d 586
(1995). It is therefore plain that if there is a fire chief, that fire chief is to serve on
• the board. Resort to the highest ranking member of the fire department for service
on the board is appropriate only in the event that the fire chief is not a member of
the fund.
Assuming that the Acting Fire Chief was appointed for the purpose of canying out
the duties of the Fire Cluef and assuming that the appointment did not expressly
limit the Acting Fire Chief's authority to do so,i it is clear that dung the Acting
Fire Chiefs tenure in that position, he is the Fire Chief for all intents and purposes,
including service on the pension fund's board of trustees under A.C.A. § 24-11-
801(a)(3). Therefore, a consideration of who is the highest ranking member of the
fire department is unnecessary Such a consideration is appropriate only where the
Fire Chief is not a member of the fund. In the situation you have described, the
Fire Chief (who happens to be the Acting Fire Chief) is a member of the fund. It is
' if the appointment did limit the Acting Fire Chiefs authority to carry out the duties of Fire Chief, the
impact of that limitation upon the Acting Fire Chiefs ability to serve on rhe board will depend upon the
specific nature of the limitation.
TO
FROM 1AR ATTORNEY GENERAL
a uo nvuurdnie LOUIS MCJun1Cin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-007
Page 4
•
•
1997,07-23 09152 N021 P.09/11
therefore unnecessary to determine the c ualifications of an alternate member, as
provided for in A.C.A. § 24-11-801(ax3).
For these reasons, I must conclude that given the commonly -understood meaning
of the language of A.C.A. § 24-11-801(a), the Acting Fire Chief should serve on
the board during his tenure as Acting Fire Chief.
Question 2 — What is the definition of "the highest ranking member of the fire
department," as that phrase is used in A.C.A. § 24-11--801(a)(3)? (For example,
in the scenario described above, if the city hires a permanent fire chief who is not
a member of the pension fund and therefore is not on the board would the highest
ranking member of the frre department be the Assistant Chief who has the most
seniority, or would it be the Assistant Chief who previously served as Acting Fire
Chief but who is now back in the rank ofAssistant Fire Chief?)
The statute (A.C.A. § 24-11-801) does not define the phrase "highest ranking
member of the fire department," as used therein. However, in my opinion, the
language does not contain an ambiguity and can therefore be mterpreted giving the
words their commonly -understood meanings. Caplener v Bluebonnet Milling Co.,
322 Ark 751, 911 S W.2d 586 (1995). The Merriam -Webster Dictionary defines
the teem "rank" to mean "a grade of official standing" or "position in a group."
The factors that are commonly understood to connote official standing or position
are authority, responsibility, and benefits. Accordingly, I read the phrase "highest
ranking member of the fire department" to refer to the person in the fire
department whose position carnes the greatest authority, responsibility, and
benefits.
Applied to the specific situation about which you have inquired, it is my opinion
that if the permanent fire chief who is chosen is not a member of the pension fiend,
the highest ranking member of the fire department, who, pursuant to A.C.A. § 24-
11-801(3), should serve on the fund's board of trustees, would be the Assistant
Fire Chief who officially has the most authority, responsibility, and is entitled to
the greatest benefits. It is my opinion that the previous service by one of the
Assistant Fire Chiefs as Actmg Fire Chief is not a factor to be considered. The
statute makes no mention of considering previous rank or status. Assuming that at
2 It might be noted, however, that during the Acting Fire Chiefs tenure in that position, he is also the
highest ranking member of the fire department.
•
FROM 1PR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO
The Honorable Louis Mclunkin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-007
Page 5
•
1997.07-23 09152 $1021 P.10/11
the relevant time, the two Assistant Fire Chiefs officially have the same authority
and responsibility, I would conclude that the Assistant Fire Chief who has the most
seniority would be entitled to the greatest benefits, and therefore would be the
highest ranking of the two. Given these assumptions, the Assistant Fire Chief who
has the most seniority should, in the absence of a fire chief who is a member of the
fund, serve on the fund's board of trustees.
Question 3 - For purposes of voting as active members or retired members
pursuant to A.C.A. § 24-11-801(c) and (d), should employees who have elected to
be on the Deferred Retirement Option Plan (DROP) vote as active members or as
retired members during the five year period between their election of DROP and
their actual retirement?
It is my opinion that employees who have elected to participate m DROP, but who
are still within the five-year period between their election of DROP and their
actual retirement, should vote as retired members pursuant to A.C.A. § 24-11-
801(d), rather than as active members pursuant to ACA. § 24-11-801(c).
My conclusion regarding this matter is based upon the fact that although these
employees continue to be fully employed during the five-year period and have not
actually retired in the sense of ceasing work, they nevertheless are not participants
in the firemen's pension fund as described in ACA. § 24-11-816. That section
describes the contributions that are to be made by and on behalf of members of the
fiord. Employees who have elected to participate in DROP are no longer
contributing to the firemen's pension fund as describedinA.C.A. § 24-11-816.
Rather, the bulk of their contributions are segregated into a separate fund.
For this reason, they do not hold the same level of interest in the administration of
the firemen's pension fiord as do active members. Their interest is more akin to
that of retired members. It follows that they should vote as retired members under
A.C.A. § 24-11-801(d), rather than as active members under A.C.A. § 24-11-
801(c).
FROM 1AR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO I
auto rtonoraote Louis Mei unkin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-007
Page 6
'J
1997,07-23 09763 p821 P.11/11
The foregoing opinion, which I hereby approve, was prepared by Assistant
Attorney General Suzanne Antley
Sincerely,
STON BRYANT
Attorney General
WB:SBA/cyh
•
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Opinion No. 97-219
August 24, 1997
The Honorable Louis McJunkin
State Representative
P.O. Box 223
Springdale, AR 72765-0223
Dear Representative McJunkin:
This is in response to your request for an opinion on the following two questions
concerning the Arkansas Fire Fighters' Deferred Retirement Option Plan
("DROP") codified at A.CA § 24-11-830 (Rept. 1996):
1. Pursuant to language in the answer to the third
question posed in Attorney General Opinion No. 97-
007, when a person is still working but has elected to
be a DROP participant, should the 6% deduction from
the DROP participant go into a separate account or go
into the regular pension fund and then taken out upon
retirement?
2. If someone elects the DROP plan, is his
eventual retirement subject to pay increases received
while working for the City after signing up for DROP,
or is he only to receive pension based on the salary
amount he was earning at the time he signed up for the
DROP?
It is clear, in response to your first question, that the DROP participant's
contribution continues to be paid into the firemen's pension and relief fund. See
A.C.A. § 24-11-830(d)(1) and Arkansas Fire and Police Pension Review Board
"Board Rule 10," Section 6. Section 6 of Board Rule 10 states:
•
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SEP -10-97 WED 11:28
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P. 02
The Honorable Louis McJunkin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97.219
Page 2
The member continues to make employee contributions
during the DROP period. These employee
contributions are credited to the pension plan and not
to the individual's DROP account.
With regard to Attorney General Opinion 97-007, I assume that the language at
issue is the statement therein that "(e]mployees who have elected to participate in
DROP are no longer contributing to the firemen's pension fund as described in
A C.A. § 24-11-816. Rather, the bulk of their contributions are segregated into a
separate fund " Id. at 3. This statement was made in addressing the question of
whether DROP participants should vote as active members or as retired members
during the DROP period. A.C.A. § 24-11-801 (Repl. 1996). The emphasis in
that Opinion was upon the distinction between DROP participants and active
members whose contributions are governed by A.C.A. § 24-11-816. The point of
the language quoted above was that DROP participants are not contributing to the
pension fiord in the same sense as active members. This language followed the
statement that DROP participants "are not participants in the firemen's pension
fund as described in A C.A. § 24-11-816." Op. Att'y Gen. 97-007 at 3 Granted,
their employee contributions continue to be credited to the pension fund. See
Board Rule 10, § 6 above. But one-half of the employer matching contribution is
credited to the DROP account. See A.C.A § 24-11-830(dx2). Compare A.C.A. §
24-11-816(a)(4). And the monthly retirement benefits that the DROP participant
would have received had he or she elected a service retirement are being paid into
the DROP account.
The language in Opinion 97-007 concerning the DROP participants' contributions
should thus not be construed to mean that such contributions are not paid into the
pension fund. Clearly, as noted above, the pension fund is credited with these
contributions. Opinion 97-007 is hereby modified to the extent it suggests
otherwise. This does not, however, alter the conclusion reached in Opinion 97-007
with respect to DROP participants voting as retired members under A.C.A. § 24-
11-801(d).
With regard to your second question concerning pay increases during the DROP
period, I assume that you have received Attorney General Opinion 97-210, issued
to you on July 9, 1997, subsequent to my receipt of the request at hand. I have
nevertheless enclosed a copy of that opinion for your convenience.
SEP -10-97 WED 11:28
•
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The Honorable Louis Mc]unkin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-219
Page 3
P. 03
The foregoing opinion, which I hereby approve, was prepared by Assistant
Attorney General Elisabeth A. Walker.
Sincerely,
WINSTON BRYANT
Attorney General
WB:EAW/cyh
Enclosure
Opinion No. 97-210
July 9, 1997
The Honorable Louis McJunkin
State Representative
P. O. Box 223
Springdale, AR 72765-0223
• Dear Representative McJunkin:
This is in response to your request for an opinion on the following question:
If someone elects the DROP plan, is his eventual
retirement subject to pay increases received while
working for the City after signing up for DROP, or is he
only to receive pension based on the salary amount he
was taming at the time he signed up for the DROP?
This question was addressed in Attorney General Opinion 94-215, a copy of which
is attached hereto. As concluded in that opinion, the monthly retirement benefit is
calculated. at the date the member elects to participate in DROP (the "Arkansas
Deferred Retirement Option Plan" codified at A.C.A. § 24-11-830 (Rept. 1996)).
See Op. Att'y Gen. 94-215 at 2. The benefit does not change with salary increases
or extra service. Id. The basis for this conclusion is set forth in the enclosed
opinion.
•
•
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The Honorable Louis McJunkin
State Representative
Opinion No. 97-210
Page 2
The foregoing opinion, which I hereby approve, was prepared by Assistant Attorney
General Elisabeth A. Walker
Sincerely,
WINSTON BRYANT
Attomey General
WB:EAW/cyh
Enclosure
•
•
Opinion No. 94-215
August 17, 1994
The Honorable Jimmie Don McKissack
State Representative
3418 Highway 65 South
Pine Bluff, AR 71601
Dear Representative McKissack:
This is in response to your request for an opinion on the following questions
concerning the Arkansas Deferred Retirement Option Nan ("DROP") for fire
fighters and police officers.
1. Does the Board Rule #10 adopted by the Arkansas
Fire and Police Pension Review Board follow the intent
of the law? House Bill 1624 and Act 1004 of 1993?
2. Are firemen and police considered to be retired after
signing the deferred retirement plan?
3. Do they lose all benefits that they gain the last five
years of service on their pension?
It is my Opinion that the answer to your first question is "yes " I do not perceive a
conflict between Board Rule 10 and the statute. Board Rule 10 reflects the Pension
Review Board's interpretation of Act 1004 of 1993 [A.C.A. § 24711-830 (Supp.
1993)], pertaining to fire fighters, and Act 757 of 1993 [A.C.A. § 24-11-434 (Supp.
1993)], pertaining to police officers.' The rule, in my opinion, reflects a reasonable
construction of this law The Arkansas Fire and Police Pension Review Board's
rulemaking authority is set forth m A.C.A. § 24-11-203 (Repl. 1992), wherein it
• ' The substantive provisions of these acts are identical.
The Honorable Jimmie Don McKissack
State Representative
Opinion No. 94-215
Page 2
states under subsection (j)(1) that the Board "shall have the power to make all rules
and regulations necessary to enforce the laws governing funding standards and
benefit levels...." It must be noted in this regard that an administrative agency's
interpretation of a statute, while not conclusive, is highly persuasive. See Ramsey v.
Department of Human Services, 301 Ark. 284, 783 S.W.2d 361 (1990); Arkansas
Contractors Licensing Bd. v Butler, 295 Ark. 223, 748 S.W.2d 129 (1988). Rule
10 would, m my opinion, likely withstand scrutiny under this analysis.
In response to your second question, I cannot provide a conclusive answer in the
absence of a specific context for the inquiry. As a general matter, neither the acts
establishing the deferred retirement plan nor Board Rule 10 states that those
participating in the plan are to be treated for all purposes as though they "retired"
when they elected to participate in DROP. As noted in Attomey General Opinion
94-094 (copy enclosed), the member has not yet terminated employment and is not
receiving a monthly retirement benefit. Thus, in response to the specific question in
that instance, it was concluded that the member who elects to begin participating in
DROP has not "retired" for purposes of the,benefits limitation under A.C.A. § 24-
11-820(b)(5), which applies to "any retired fire fighter." As mmtially stated,
however, the specific basis for the question should be considered.
With regard to your third and final question involving "benefits" gained during the
DROP period, I assume you are referring to any salary increases during the DROP
period, as well as the extra service during that time. Board Rule 10 is clear in
stating that the monthly retirement benefit is calculated at the date the member elects
to participate in DROP. See Rule 10, Sec. 8.C. The benefit does not change with
salary increases or extra service Id. This is based, presumably, upon subsection
(ex1) of §§ 24-11434 (police) and 24-11-830 (fire), which states that "[t]he
member's monthly retirement benefit shall not change, unless the plan receives a
benefit increase." As reflected in Rule 10, the Board has construed this provision as
refemng to both the benefit that is paid into the DROP account during the DROP
period (subsection (d) of §§ 24-11434 and 24-11-830), and the benefit that would
have been paid had the member elected a service retirement instead of enrolling in
DROP.
Thus, the answer to your specific question is "yes" with regard to benefits that
would otherwise have been gained due to the extra service or any salary increases
during the DROP period. It is my opinion that this result reasonably follows from an
interpretation of the statutes. The plan, by its title and plain terms, defers the receipt
•
•
The Honorable Jimmie Don McKissack
State Representative
Opinion No. 94-215
Page 3
of benefits. The term "defer" means "[d]elay; put off; ... postpone to a future
time...." Black's Law Dictionary 379 (5th ed. 1979). Subsection (c) of §§ 24-11-
434 and 34-11-830 refers to the "member's accrued monthly retirement benefit.. "
(Emphasis added.) "Accrued compensation" and "accrued income" are defined in
Black's to mean amounts that are "due" or "earned" but not yet "paid" or "payable."
Black's at 20. Thus, under DROP, the member's accrued monthly benefit, i.e., the
benefit the member has eamed and is eligible to receive when he elects to participate
m the plan, is deferred until he terminates employment and concludes his
participation in DROP. It reasonably follows that the monthly benefit is calculated
at the date the member, who is eligible at that point to receive a service retirement
pension, elects to participate in DROP and thereby defer receiving the accrued
benefit.
The foregoing opinion, which I hereby approve, was prepared by Assistant Attomey
General Elisabeth A. Walker.
Sincerely,
WINSTON BRYANT
Attorney General
WB:EAW/cyh
Enclosure
I N V'O I C E
NM CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
6501 AMERICAS PARKWAY, SUITE 950
ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87110
January 22, 1998
Mr. Richard Yada
Merrill Lynch
425 W. Capitol, Suite 200
Little Rock, AR 72201
NM CAPITAL
MANAGEMENT, INC.
INVESTMENT COUNSEL
Re: City of Fayetteville Fire Pension & Relief Fund
Account #563-96346
STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT FEES:
For the period from October 01, 1997 through December 31, 1997
CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE FIRE PENSION AND RELIEF FUND,
Portfolio Valuation as of 12-31-97
$ 4,626,201.20 @ 0.5000% per annum
Quarterly Management Fee
TOTAL DUE AND PAYABLE
COPY
I • DO NOT FAY
I'FROb1
THS INVOICE
$ 4,626,201.20
S 5,782.75
$ 5,782.75
5,782.-75
ALL INVOICES ARE DUE UPON RECEIPT. TO INSURE PROPER CREDIT,
PLEASE INDICATE ACCOUNT NAME ON CHECK.
*Portfolio Valuation used for fee computation has. been reduced by
accruals amounting to.$25,100.86.
A copy of this invoice has been sent to the client for their review and record. Client is responsible to verity the information provided hereon.
National. Conference
on Public Employee
Retirement Systems
Application for Membership
Name of Organization• F Vei i8U!« c /Qtf iiiiiiTeRs Auk; Ai )4 Rae /cat
Address of Organization: 1 (3 ai• /' lotw rfr,>J T •
S
•
City: / ✓y .eJYc/' iii �' State• Zip• if:9 X)
Telephone. (So.) s7`j o 3L 3
Individual to whom mail should be sent:
/'rr LletK
Fax
ate Rene
\Address to which mail should be sent:
1/3 GJ. /Nvd.Jrn& .Sr 4- )390 AI. Adee,t1 Ass leo. Ay • /9R. ?$ 703
Telephone: (-pro/ )575.-83a3 Fax: (__)
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2. Please check your appropriate classifications(s):
❑State ❑Local ❑Protective ❑Police ❑Education ❑County Wire
3.Please list the percentage.� your fund has in the following areas:
`i7` e Indexed Fixed Income -I international
y6% Active Equity ��jj
Indexed Equity Real Estate <v Other
4. Type of Organization (Please check one)
aRetirement system ❑Employee association
['Union representing active/retired employees
5: Number of trustees on your board: 4./ 6. Are your trustees elected or appointed'' Be N_
7. Current market value of your fund: 11 DEO Ce 0 8 Number of members in your organization. 1 -s
Organization Dues Structure:
Organization Members
1-4,500
4,501-10,500
10,501-16,500
16,501 and over
Legislative Retirement Commissions
Amount due
$100.00
$200.00
$300.00
$400.00
$200.00
Check appropriate amount
Cr'
0
0
Application is hereby made for active membership in the name of the above organization, subject to the Constitution and
By -Laws of th- .' atio • 1 Confnce on Public Emyloye Retirement Systems.
Signature
1
Date r r
Upon receipt of a signed application, NCPERS will send you an invoice in the amount of your annual dues.
NCPERS
1620 Eye Street, N.W. • Suite 220 • Washington, D.C. 20006-4005 • Telephone (202)429-2230 • Fax (202)223-8323
•
*KEYSTONE
INVESTMENTS
February 17, 1998
City Clerk of Fayetteville
113 West Mountain Street
Fayetteville, AK 72701
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are writing to inform you that effective April 1, 1998, the management of your account will be
transferred from Keystone Investment Management Company to First Investment Advisors. The services
you currently enjoy as a Keystone Investment Management Company client will continue uninterrupted
under the management of Salvatore Tartaglione who, as a manager with First Investment Advisors, will
manage your portfolio in line with your respective goals and objectives.
First Investment Advisors, like Keystone Investment Management Company, is an investment advisory
subsidiary of First Union Bank's Capital Management Group. First Investment Advisors was created to
serve investors like you who require investment management expertise of the highest caliber. First
Investment Advisors provides close personal attention to its clients and provides access to a powerful menu
of advisory services.
As a First Investment Advisors client, you will have access to a varied menu of advisory services, including
innovative portfolio management strategies, personalized asset allocation programs, hedging strategies and
single stock diversification. First Investment Advisors oversees more than $26 billion in personal assets
under management with 125 portfolio management professionals.
We look forward to serving you by delivering innovative and responsible investment management solutions.
If you have any questions, please feel free to call your personal investment advisor or Salvatore Tartaglione
at (203) 401-5779.
Very truly yours,
Albert H. Elfner, I 1 33 :.orah �. Rivos,, CF `, CFA
President Senior Vi ' -siden
Keystone Investment Management Company First Investment Advisors
cc: Mr. Curtis Williams
Mr. Richard Yada
200 Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116-5034 Phone: (617) 210-3200
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NM Capital Management, Inc.
Fourth Quarter Report
1997
Prepared for
CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE FIRE PENSION AND RELIEF FUND
Please find enclosed your quarterly report and our latest market commentary. In the
event that your financial circumstances or objectives have recently changed, please
contact your financial consultant or NM Capital directly. Should you need to contact
us directly, please use our toll free number, 1- 800-869-1156 We appreciate your
continued confidence in NM Capital Management and look forward to many more
years to service.
FAYETTPP--NTSC
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Fourth Quarter `97
NM ;C.apitaI Management;`In.c.
T Quarterly.Investment Comment
FOURTH QUARTER & 1997 YEAR_ END REVIEW
The fourth quarter- S&P 500 stock return was up 2.9%.
The market was buffeted by Asian economic crisis
and a growing concern about slowing U.S. -corporate'
earnings growth. On the positive _side U.S.. Treasury
interest rates declined sharply during :the quarter,
reflecting continued low inflation . and- a flight by
investors to the safety of the U.S.markets from the
higher risk international markets.: The shift toward this
perceivedsafety also benefitedthe performance of the
:larger cap S&P index compared to the smaller company
Russell 2000 index, which: was down 3.4% forthe
fourth quarter.
The year 1997 will go down in the record books as the
third consecutive year of better than 20% returns for the
S&P 500, which completed the year with a 33% return.
,In contrast, the' Dow Jones Industrial Average and the
smaller cap Russell 2000 Index retumed 25% and 22%,
respectively, for the year. The, decline in interest rates•
during 1997 produced bond index returns of 8% to 10%:
It has been an unprecedented bull market for stocks over
the :last three years, reflecting the very positive
• economic environment for U S companies.:
ECONOMIC & INVESTMENT: OUTLOOK
The U S..economic outlook for 1998;continues to be
favorable. Some.slowing .in economic, growth with
'continued moderate inflation appears likely in the
'months ahead. One of the principal „forces
stimulating the bull market, corporate eamrngs growth,
is also. expected to slow in.1998 due to -Slower sales,
higher employment. cost -•,pressures,, and lower
productivity gains.,
Interest rates may drift somewhat: lower, but
generally will not be as favorable a market force as
was the significant decline in rates over the. last
three years. In light of the financial turmoil in Asia,
the strengthening dollar will make U.S..exports more
expensive abroad while imports to the U.S. will be
cheaper. This change will affectindustries differently
and is expected to be - a : factor , slowing' economic
growth world wide: -
After three consecutive dramatic upyears, the stock
inarket will be hard-pressed to . match . recent gains:
Based on historic valuation. Measures,: the market
appears fully: priced. The difference between stock • .
and bond returns has so favored stocks in recent years -
that we would expect Some shift back toward a more
normal relationship during:1998. At current interest
rate levels with a relativelyflat yield curve and the
30 year Treasury at -5.9% (a ten year low), returns
of 6-8%d for :bonds and 8-12% for, stocks would •
seem reasonable for the coming year. Since the -.
U.S. stock market currently reflects high expectations,
the inevitable negative surprises will I result- in
continued volatile markets during 1998.
The appreciation of large cap stocks has dominated the
major market indices, (S&P 500 and Dow Jones) over
the last three years. There. were signs of.a shift in this
concentration during the second and third quarters of
1997 when medium- and small -cap •,-stocks
outperformed: • This. market broadening was stymied in
the fourthquarter; as the Asian crisis intensifiedwith
the problems in South Korea. The quest for liquidity
favored the Targe company stocks. At the same time,
the U.S. interest . rate decline stimulated investor
buying of 'utilities and :financial 'service stocks with
high yielding' dividend payouts.: Also, the performance
domination of larger companies' issues in recent years
has tended to concentrate 1997 tax-loss-sellingin the
medium-size and small companies, thus increasing the
fourth quarter. performance disparity:
This narrowing market leadership, of the end' of
1997 suggests significant opportunities for excellent
-values among the medium- and small -cap issues.
At some .- point . during 1998,.. when earnings
disappointments arise, we expect investors will again
favor undervalued stocks we now find very attractive.
•
EQUITY STRATEGY
"Be greedy when others are fearful and
fearful when others are greedy."
-Warren Buffett ,
We at NMCM are disciplined value investors. We
find value in stocks that are out of favor with Wall
Street. The reasons for investor disdain differ but
may be related to short-term business or industry
problems, unexciting growth prospects, or a
misunderstanding of a company's true earnings
power.
Tecumseh Products Company is a classic contrarian
value play. It is the world's largest independent
producer of compressors used in air conditioning and
refrigeration products, and the second largest producer
of small engines for lawn and garden applications.
The stock is both under followed (only three analysts
cover the company) and unloved by Wall Street
because earnings are currently depressed. The major
causes are a weak compressor market in Brazil (fueled
by weak demand for home appliances) and in the U.S.
(due to a soft air conditioning market caused by the
cool summer of 1997). We believe these factors are
temporary in nature and that Tecumseh's earnings will
be significantly higher in the next three to five years.
Management thinks so too, and has recently instituted
a stock repurchase program. Downside risk is
contained by the company's low valuation, strong
balance sheet (over $10 per share in excess cash),
leading market positions and conservative
management style.
Wall Street is also currently fearful of Tupperware
Corporation. It is a dominant worldwide direct seller
of food storage containers and related housewares and
children's items. However, only one year ago,
"greedy" investors Loved the stock at $55 because of
the company's strong market position, excellent
product line, and worldwide growth opportunities.
Now, at half of the peak price, no one likes it. Why?
With virtually all of its income derived from overseas
markets, profits are down due to currency translation,
combined with soft economies in Asia and Latin
America. Has the long -tern picture changed?
Management doesn't think so. They have been
purchasing stock all year for their own accounts and
for the company (through share repurchases). We
don't think so, either. Our expectation is that earnings
will be substantially higher in the next three to five
years. We have been using the recent price weakness
to establish or add to positions for our clients.
"We are willing to look foolish as long as we
don't feel we have acted foolish."
-Warren Buffet
As classic value investors, we sometimes buy stocks
too early and may "look foolish" in the short run.
Why don't we buy stocks right before they begin their
ascent? We certainly try to buy on a timely basis, but
we are not clairvoyant. We feel that if we can
purchase a company cheaply enough, this serves to
protect us against long-term loss of principal and also
gives us a higher expected rate of return. However,
this sometimes means that a stock will become even
cheaper after we have bought it. This often allows us
the opportunity to add to positions of good companies
at lower prices. Although this activity may appear
foolish in the short run, we believe our strategy will
continue to build wealth with lower risk over multi-
year periods.
FIXED INCOME STRATEGY
FLIGHT TO QUALITY
Many bond market analysts use projections of the state
of the economy to judge how interest rates may behave
in the future. In the fourth quarter of 1997, knowledge
of the economy was of little help in predicting or
understanding interest rate movements.
Based on the economic news that was announced, the
economy continued on the path it has been on for
some time moderate growth with low inflation. Yet
interest rates fluctuated fairly dramatically with U.S.
Treasury bonds the strongest market performer.
The most likely explanation of this behavior was a
change in investors' desired asset allocation. The
developing problems in Asia, the announcement by
several central banks that they were considering
selling some of their gold and holding bonds instead,
the mini crash in the U.S. stock market in late
October, and an increased desire by global investors to
hold more dollar-denominated securities combined to
cause investors to lower the risk in their portfolios.
Investors turned in large part to U.S. Treasury bonds
which are generally considered to be one of the safest
and most liquid assets. Investors bid up the price of
bonds driving interest rates down. This flight to quality
assets is understandable but extremely unpredictable.
Going forward, the markets appear to be unsettled and,
therefore, difficult to predict. A cautious attitude
towards the markets is warranted as the impact
from the Asian crisis is difficult to assess at this
time.
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