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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1973-03-06 MinutesMINUTES OF A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS MARCH 6, 1973 The Board of Directors of the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas met in regular session on Tuesday, March 6, 1973 at 7:30 P.M. in the Directors Room of the City Administration Building. Present: City Manager Donald L. Grimes; Purchasing, Personnel, and Budget Officer Sturman Mackey; Administrative Aide David McWethy; City Attorney David Malone; City Clerk Helen Young; and Directors Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray, Carlson and Stanton. Directors Absent: None. Others Present: Representatives of the news media, Minutes of the regular meeting of February 20; I973_and adjourned meeting of February 27, 1973 had been distributed to the Board members prior to the meeting. Director Carlson requested the following amendments be made in the minutes of the February 27, 1973 meeting: 1. On page 153, first paragraph, line five, that the statement be amended to read, "...total dues paid for Department Heads' memberships in civic organizations for 1972 was $270.05." 2. On page 153, after the one -word line "year", that the following statements be inserted: "Director Carlson reminded the Board that both the City Manager and Mayor had emphasized that the 1973 Budget adoption was subject to whatever specific amendment any Director should raise thereafter. Her motion to strike City memberships in private -interest groups was promptly made as a matter of immediate business to the Board." 3. On page 153, that the last line in paragraph two be stricken from the record. Director Carlson explained that she feels the statement recorded in the minutes on page 153, last line in paragraph two, is inappropriate in the minutes since she feels it is a derogatory remark. Mrs. Carlson said if a Board member wants to make a comment like this in the minutes he must make it in the form of a motion. Director Orton moved that the last line in paragraph two of page 153 be stricken from the minutes. Director Carlson seconded the motion. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton and Carlson. "Nays" Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray and Stanton. There being two "Ayes" and five "Nays" the motion did not pass. Director Carlson moved that Mayor Purdy make a motion making his intention clear and in accord with parliamentary rules to censure Director Carlson. Director Purdy replied that he preferred to not do so because "...my feelings are very strong in this matter and I feel this Board has consumed much time while important things are left undone. I think this Board ought to get on with its business." Director Orton requested that the minutes of the February 20, 1973 meeting be amended as follows: Page 149, last paragraph, second sentence, to read, "Director Orton stated that she was in favor of reducing the requirements for the area but was questioning the amount of the reduction." Director Carlson moved that the minutes of the February 20, 1973 meeting be amended as follows: Page 146, that the following statement be inserted before the paragraph beginning with "Ron Woodruff...": "In response to a question from the audience, 'Do we enforce the ordinance or don't we', Mr. Malone responded that letters were being written to the cab company." 159 f Director Carlson explained that the above comment should be placed in the minutes because "...this instance about the taxicab company is a perfect example of nonfeasance in office." Director Carlson quoted that, "Elected officials may be removed from office for knowingly failing, refusing or neglecting to enforce the laws or ordinances in their jurisdiction." Director Carlson added, "It is the elected directors, not the employees of the City or the employed City Manager, who are liable for indictment under that state law." Director Utley seconded the motion made by Director Carlson to amend the minutes. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. Director Carlson remarked, "I would like the minutes to reflect that the Directors know and know very well that there are problems in the enforce- ment of the ordinances." Director Utley replied, "I move that the minutes further reflect that the Directors know there is a problem in the enforcement of the taxicab ordinance." There being no further additions or corrections to the minutes, the minutes of the February 20, 1973 and February 27, 1973 meetings were approved as amended. The next item on the agenda was consideration of a proposed Ordinance governing the operation of taxicabs. Assistant Mayor Orton took over as chairman of the meeting during the discussion of the proposed Ordinance. The following amendments to the proposed Ordinance were requested and accepted: Section 1,a. Insert'8oard of Directors'! Section 1.b. Change "Board of Directors" to "Chief of Police" Section 2. Add the word "leased" in the first sentence. Section 3.a. Add the underlined portion of the following statement: "The name and address of the applicant to include officers and main stockholders of the company." Section 3.e, Reword the statement to read' "The number of vehicles to be kept in operation or controlled by the applicant and the location of proposed depots and terminals." Change the amounts for liability insurance required to $10,000 for bodily injury to any one person, and $20,000 for injuries to more than one person which are sustained in the same acci- dent; and require a liability insurance policy to cover injuries to person or property not sustained in an automobile accident. Set annual license fee of $250 for the right to engage in the taxicab business; annual fee of $50 for each of the first five vehicles operated under a certificate of public convenience and necessity; annual fee of $25 for each vehicle over five operated under a certificate of public convenience and necessity. Change "City of Fayetteville" to "Washington County". In last paragraph, change "City Manager" to "City Controller" and insert $5.00 as the fee required for filing an application for taxicab driver's license. Change "Board of Directors" to "City Manager". 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19.a., 20, 25.b., 27, 28. Change "City Manager" to "Chief of Police". Delete the requirement for applicant's color to be stated in the application for a taxicab driver's license; insert $5.00 as the annual fee for the renewal of a taxicab driver's license. Section 6. Section 7. Section 11.a. Section 11. Section 14. Sections 12, Section 15. 160 1 Section 20. Section 22.a. Section 22.b. Section 22.c. Section 22.d. Section 22.e. Section 22. Section 25.b. Section 25.d. Section 26. Change "may" to "shall" in the phrase which read, "...may bear an identifying design..." Set the following rates: $6.00 per hour for one or more passengers. Set the following rates: $.50 for the first mile or fraction thereof; $.30 for each additional mile or fraction thereof. Set the following rates: $.10 for each one minute of waiting time or fraction thereof. Set the following rates: $.50 for each trunk. Set the following rates: No charge for the first two items of hand baggage or packages; a charge of $.10 for each additional item of hand baggage or package. Reword the last sentence to read as follows: "Every taxicab operated under this ordinance shall have a zone map and a rate card of a type and size approved by the City Manager's Office setting forth the authorized rates of fare displayed in such a place as to be in view of all passengers." Reword the last sentence to read as follows: "A child under 6 shall not be counted as a passenger." Reword the section to read as follows: "It shall be a violation of this ordinance for any driver of a taxicab to solicit business for any hotel or motel or to attempt to divert patronage from one hotel or motel to another. Neither shall such driver engage in selling intoxicating liquors of use his vehicle for any purpose other than the transporting of passengers. Add the underlined portion of the following phrase: "Any holder who shall refuse to accept a call anywhere in the corporate limits of Fayetteville at any time when such holder has available cabs, especially during inclement weather, or who shall fail or refuse to give over-all service, shall be deemed a violator of this ordinance and the certificate granted to such holder shall be revoked at the discretion of the City Manager. John W. Hall, president of the Black/White Taxicab Company in Little Rock, was present at the meeting to answer questions of the Board members and audience. Mr. Hall stated that metered taxicab transportation will usually cost twice as much as the zone rate. Ron Woodruff, local attorney, commented that taxicab drivers are required by the state to have a chauffeur's license and he felt the City would be overburdening the City Police Chief and the potential cab driver by requiring a city taxicab driver's license. Mr. Woodruff also said that this requirement would give a lot of discretion to the Chief of Police as to who might drive a cab and who might not. City Attorney Malone explained that Section 11 requires some information not required by state statutessand also requires a photograph and the license to be displayed in the taxicab. Walter Niblock, attorney representing Fayetteville Transportation Company, said that John Warren, president of Fayetteville Transportation Company, felt he might have difficulty getting drivers of the type who would meet the requirements for a city taxicab driver's license. Mr. Warren said the drivers had to pay a $5.00 fee for a state chauffeur's license and he felt they would balk on paying the fee for a city driver's license. John Hall suggested that the City put the burden of responsibility on the cab company owner by making the owner carry the information required for a city taxicab driver's license in his files so it would be available to the City at any time. 161 City Manager Grimes commented that the information called for could be filled in on a form in a very few minutes. Mr. Woodruff expressed concern that Section 9 would result in the violation of due process of law and asked if a probationary period clause could be included in Section 9. City Attorney Malone pointed out that the holder shall be given notice of the proposed action to be taken and shall have an opportunity to be heard. Mr. Woodruff asked if the Municipal Court could not suspend or revoke a license of a taxicab driver rather than the action being taken by the Chief of Police. Director Stanton commented that in the interest of the public the Chief of Police should have the authority to suspend the license. City Attorney Malone said Section 17 and Section 18 go together and he did not feel there was danger of violation of due process of law. Director Carlson suggested that Section 18 be allowed to remain as written. Mr. Woodruff asked how "clean and sanitary" would be defined. Assistant Mayor Orton stated that the criteria for determining whether a taxicab were clean and sanitary would change depending on the weather. City Attorney Malone said he would recommend a definition of "clean and sanitary" at the next regular meeting of the Board. Director Noland asked if a family would be charged one fare for taxicab service or would there be a reduction in fare for additional passengers. Mr. Niblock said it is standard for persons who get in at one location and get off at one location to be charged one fare. The Assistant Mayor called for dismission regarding meters or zones. Mr. Warren stated that he felt the best method for Fayetteville would be taxicab meters because Fayetteville is so hard to zone, Mr. Hall suggested that the Board delay action on the proposed Ordinance and appoint a committee of taxicab company representatives, taxicab passengers, and Board members to further study the proposed Ordinance. Director Utley commented that it would be good that any committee have the guidance of whether the Board wants meters or zones. Ernest Lancaster asked if the Board were considering an ordinance for the citizens of Fayetteville or an ordinance solely for business. Mr. Lancaster went on to ask, "What would be wrong if the cab company said how they want to charge?" Mr. Hall replied that too much competition makes both companies go broke. The Assistant Mayor said this item should be placed on the agenda for the next regular meeting of the Board. City Attorney Malone said he would update the ordinance by making the changes suggested at this meeting. The Assistant Mayor introduced Ken Riley of Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission who explained that the Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission is attempting to establish a two-county land resource management plan which is a set of policy statements regarding the development activities in Northwest Arkansas. Mr. Riley asked the Board members to review the comments as they relate to the City of Fayetteville and to provide comments to the Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission before the public hearing date. Mr. Riley pointed out that the plan was not intended to supersede any local regulations already in existence. 162 1 1 Walter Niblock, representing John Warren who is president of Fayetteville Transportation Company, Inc., reported that Mr. Warren would like to have favorable action taken on the application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity which has been pending since September, 1972. Mr. Warren stated that Fayetteville Transportation Company would go along with the rates set by the proposed ordinance, whatever they might be. City Attorney Malone said that a section regarding taxicab companies presently holding certificates would have to be added to the proposed ordinance regulating taxicabs Director Noland moved to table the application for a public convenience and necessity certificate submitted by Fayetteville Transportation Company until the next regular meeting of the Board. There was no second to the motion. Director Carlson moved to accept the application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity submitted by Fayetteville Transportation Company and issue them a certificate of public convenience and necessity. Director Noland seconded the motion. Director Utley proposed that Mrs. Carlson's motion be amended to state that the application submitted by Fayetteville Transportation Company be accepted and that it be held in abeyance pending the finalization of the proposed ordinance under consideration. Director Carlson pointed out that Fayetteville Transportation Company has said they will be prepared to operate under the new ordinance or the old ordinance. City Attorney Malone advised that if the Board issues a certificate to Fayetteville Transportation Company he does not feel another application for a new certificate should be necessary under the new ordinance in the event a new ordinance is adopted. Mr. Malone said, "All the things that are police power in nature can be made applicable to someone who has a certificate." Director Utley withdrew his motion to amend. Mayor Purdy commented that we hear nothing but criticism of the cab company but we never hear one complain that he cannot get a cab when the weather is good. Mr. Purdy said, "I think the people of Fayetteville are overly critical for the amount of business they give the cab company when the weather is good." Assistant Mayor Orton called for a vote on the motion made by Director Carlson. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Murray, Carlson and Stanton. "Nays" Utley. There being six "Ayes" and one "Nay" the motion passed. City Attorney Malone asked if the Board wished to consider Yellow Cab Company as a new applicant for a certificate or as a holder of a certificate. Tom Pearson, attorney representing Yellow Cab Comapny, stated that Yellow Cab Company would be happy to comply with the regulations of the new ordinance and asked the Board to consider Yellow Cab Company as having been granted a certi- ficate under the old ordinance. Director Noland moved that the Board recognize Yellow Cab Company as an existing taxicab company with a certificate of public convenience and necessity. .Director Utley seconded the motion. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. Bob Harlan of the Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission was present at the meeting to show slides and answer questions of the Board regarding planned unit developments. Mr. Harlan stated that he felt the 20 -acre area requirement for planned unit developments was limiting the developers in the area. The standard city block is about five acres, Mr. Harlan said, and he felt that would be a reasonable piece of land for a person to work with fbr a planned unit development. 163 Mr. Harlan added that a developer could produce multi -family units cheaper than he could produce single family dwellings. Director Carlson stated that she did not approve of a planned unit development becoming less than 20 acres in an R-1 zone. "If we don't have enough places to put nice five acre units we could increase the amount of R-2 and R-3 zonings we have," Mrs. Carlson said. There was some discussion about the protection afforded property owners in an area who would object to a planned unit development in their immediate neighborhood. Director Stanton stated that the recommendation could be made to the Planning Commission that any planned unit development must be compatible with the neighborhood in which it is placed Mayor Purdy moved that the proposed Ordinance be amended to set the area requirements for a planned unit development in all three residential zones at five acres. Director Stanton seconded the motion, Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray and Stanton. "Nays" Carlson. There being six "Ayes" and one "Nay" the motion passed. The matter of whether to place height restrictions on planned developments in the residential zones was discussed. Director Noland moved that a height restriction of two stories plus basement be placed on planned unit developments in an R-1 zone, Director Stanton seconded the motion. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray and Stanton. "Nays" None. Director Carlson abstained from voting. There being six "Ayes" and no '!Nays" the motion passed. City Attorney Malone read the second time the proposed Ordinance as amended. Director Stanton moved the proposed Ordinance be placed on third and final reading. Director Noland seconded the motion. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray and Stanton. "Nays" Orton and Carlson. City Attorney Malone read the proposed Ordinance the third time, after which the Assistant Mayor asked the question, "Shall the Ordinance pass?" Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray and Stanton. "Nays" Carlson. There being six "Ayes" and one "Nay" the Assistant Mayor declared the Ordinance adopted. *Ordinance No. 1903 appears on pages 148 and 149 of Ordinance and Resolution Book 3. Assistant Mayor Orton declared the public hearing open on a petition to close and vacate an alley located in West End Addition between Stone Street and Maine Street. Petitioners were Thomas Wiley McNair, Donnealia Kay McNair, Steve Cummings, Edwina Cummings, Mrs. Guy Carroll, and Arkansas Western Gas Company. Thomas McNair was present at the meeting. Mr. McNair said the alley would be made into a private drive. Clayton Powell, Street Superintendent, will instruct how the drive should be built, Mr. McNair said. City Manager Grimes said that if the City agrees to vacate this alley the petitioners should make a commitment that they would not oppose the paving of the street which is currently under consideration as a paving assessment district. 164 1 Mr. McNair said the petitioners would be happy to go along with the paving assessment district in the area. There was no opposition to the closing of the alley voiced from the audience. Assistant Mayor Orton declared the public hearing closed and requested the City Attorney read a proposed Ordinance entitled, "AN ORDINANCE VACATING AND ABANDONING AN ALLEY LOCATED IN WEST END ADDITION BETWEEN STONE STREET AND MAINE STREET" Director Utley moved the rules be suspended and the Ordinance be placed on second reading. Mayor Purdy seconded the motion. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. The City Attorney read the proposed Ordinance a second time. Director Utley moved the rules be further suspended and the Ordinance be placed on third and final reading. Director Noland seconded the motion. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. The City Attorney read the Ordinance a third time, after which the Assistant Mayor asked the question, "Shall thb Ordinance pass?" Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray, Carlson and Stanton. "Nays" None. There being seven "Ayes" and no "Nays" the Assistant Mayor declared the Ordinance passed. *Ordinance No. 1904 appears on pages 150 and 151 of Ordinance and Resolution Book 3. Assistant Mayor Orton declared the public hearing open on a petition to close and vacate an alley located in Broad Acres Subdivision, due south of Garland Avenue at the dead end on Cato Springs Road (Highway 265 South). Petitioners were Earvel E. Fraley and Orval Carnes. The Planning Commission had recommended approval of the petition subject to approval of the owner(s) of Lots 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25 and 26 of Broad Acres Subdivision and their agreement that the closing would not harm their development plans. City Attorney Malone reported that the Planning Administrator had not been able to contact one property owner before this meeting. City Manager Grimes said that the extension of Garland south of .Crato'Springs Road looks logical Director Carlson agreed with the City Manager. The Assistant Mayor declared the public hearing closed. City Attorney Malone read a proposed Ordinance entitled, "AN ORDINANCE VACATING AND ABANDONING AN ALLEY LOCATED IN BROAD ACRES SUBDIVISION DUE SOUTH OF GARLAND AVENUE AT THE DEAD END ON CATO SPRINGS ROAD (HIGHWAY 265 SOUTH)". Director Utley moved the rules be suspended and the Ordinance be placed on second reading. There was no second to the motion. City Attorney Malone explained that the proposed Ordinance will come before the Board for second reading at the next regular meeting. Item 7. C. and D. on the agenda were consideration of petitions to close alleys in Evin's Farm plat. The petitions were considered at the Planning Commission meeting on March 6, 1973 but full details of their findings and recommendations were not available to the Board. Director Utley moved Items 7. C. and D. be tabled until the next regular meeting of the Board. Mayor Purdy seconded the motion. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. City Attorney Malone presented the contract for sale of Industrial Park property explaining that the basic commitments in the contract were the same as in the original contract approved by the Board. Mr. Malone said that Armstrong Tool 165 3 • Company requested a specific title insurance company but the cost of the insurance remained the same. Mr. Malone reported that "full time employee" is defined in the contract as an employee who has worked 30 hours a week for 32 weeks out of the year. City Attorney Malone read a proposed resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute the contract for sale. Director Stanton moved the resolution be adopted. Mayor Purdy seconded the motion. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray and Stanton. "Nays" Carlson. There being six "Ayes" and one "Nay" the Assistant Mayor declared the resolution adopted. *Resolution No. 20-73 appears on page 116 of Ordinance and Resolution Book 3. City Attorney Malone presented the plat for Industrial Park property and said that in order to reserve the easements shown on the plat the plat needed to be recorded prior to the consummation of the sale of the property. Mr. Malone reported that the Planning Commission had approved the plat. City Attorney Malone read a proposed Ordinance entitled, "AN ORDINANCE ACCEPTING AND CONFIRMING THE FINAL PLAT OF THE FAYETTEVILLE INDUSTRIAL PARK AND TO ACCEPT AND CONFIRM THE STREET, UTILITY AND RAILROAD EASEMENTS CONTAINED THEREIN". Director Murray moved the rules be suspended and the Ordinance be placed on second reading, Director Carlson seconded the motion. Upon roll call the motion passed unanimously. The City Attorney read the Ordinance a second time, Director Utley moved the rules be further suspended and the Ordinance be placed on third and final reading. Director Noland seconded the motion. Upon roll call the motion passed unanimously The City Attorney read the Ordinance a third time, after which the Assistant Mayor asked the question, "Shall the Ordinance pass?" Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray, Carlson and Stanton. "Nays" None. There being seven "Ayes" and no "Nays" the Assistant Mayor declared the Ordinance passed. *Ordinance No. 1905 appears on page 152 of Ordinance and Resolution Book 3. Attached to the agenda was an application for a private club permit submitted by AMVETS Post #10. City Manager Grimes recommended that the application be approved subject to the improvements suggested by the Fire Chief being made. Those improvements suggested by the Fire Chief were itemized in a letter written to AMVETS Post #10 on March 5, 1973. A representative from AMVETS Post #10 was present at the meeting and stated that the improvements would be made. City Attorney Malone read a proposed resolution authorizing the issuance of a private club license to AMVETS Post #10. Mayor Purdy moved the resolution be adopted subject to the improvements suggested by the Fire Chief being made. Director Stanton seconded the motion. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray, Carlson and Stanton. "Nays" None. There being seven "Ayes" and no "Nays" the Assistant Mayor declared the resolution adopted. *Resolution No. 21-73 appears on page 117 of Ordinance and Resolution Book 3. 166 1 1 Mayor Purdy moved the Board rescind action taken in the meeting of February 27, 1973 authorizing the appointment of three Board members to an airport study committee, and that the Board authorize the appointment of one Board member and two citizens to that committee. Mr. Purdy explained that the committee has a big job to perform, the Board itself has a number of jobs coming up in the near future, and many of the Directors have their hands full already. Director Murray seconded the motion made by Mayor Purdy. Upon roll call the motion passed unanimously. Mayor Purdy stated that he will make the appointments at a later date. City Manager Grimes announced a special meeting date on March 13, 1973, the first portion of the meeting to be a joint session with the Industrial Park Committee and the second portion to be consideration of the joint Fayetteville/Springdale Annual Arrangements application. Director Carlson called the Nominating Committee's attention to the fact that they should be looking for members for the Industrial Park Committee as the terms of the Industrial Park Committee members expire April 1, 1973. City Attorney Malone advised that this meeting could be adjourned until 7:30 P.M. on March 13, 1973 for the purpose of considering the two items named above. Attached to the agenda was Administrative Memorandum No. 253 containing tabulation of bids received for five police vehicles and the City Manager's recommendation that the local low bid from Hatfield Pontiac in the amount of $3,623:56 be awarded since that price is within $100 of the state contract price. Mr. Grimes explained that since Hatfield Pontiac is a local dealer and pays taxes in this city he feels the bid award is justified. Director Stanton moved the City Manager's recommendation be approved. Director Utley seconded the motion. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. City Manager Grimes presented Administrative Memorandum No. 255 containing bid tabulation for 328 stop signs and assemblies and recommendation that the bid be awarded to The McDaniel Agency of Little Rock, Arkansas, in the total bid amount of $5,848.24. Mr. Grimes requested authorization to purchase 328 signs and hardware from the low bidder, The McDaniel Agency, and authorization to submit this bid to the state contingent upon the TOPICS funds becoming available. The City Manager explained that the state would reimburse the City half of this figure if the TOPICS furids were available. Director Utley moved the City Manager be authorized to purchase 328 signs and hardware from The McDaniel Agency and that the City Manager be further authorized to contract with the state contingent upon the availability of TOPICS funds. Mayor Purdy seconded the motion. Upon roll call vote the motion passed unanimously. City Attorney Malone read a resolution expressing sympathy to the family of Wade Barron who passed away suddenly on March 3, 1973. Director Utley moved the resolution be adopted. Director Noland seconded the motion. Upon roll call the following vote was recorded: "Ayes" Orton, Purdy, Noland, Utley, Murray, Carlson and Stanton. "Nays" None. There being seven "Ayes" and no "Nays" the Assistant Mayor declared the resolution adopted. *Resolution No. 22-73 appears on page 118 of Ordinance and Resolution Book 3. 167 There being no further business, Director Utley moved the meeting be adjourned until 7:30 P,M, on March 13, 1973 for the purpose of meeting with the Industrial Park Committee to discuss future relationships between the two groups and to review the joint Fayetteville/Springdale Annual Arrangements application. Director Noland seconded the motion. The motion passed unanimously whereupon the Assistant Mayor declared the meeting adjourned. ATTEST: A Ci City ler APPROVED: 168 1 1