HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrdinance 4714 • 1 •
ORDINANCE NO. 4714
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE XV: UNIFIED
DEVELOPMENT CODE, OF THE CODE OF FAYETTEVILLE, TO
PROVIDE FOR THE REGULATION OF OUTDOOR LIGHTING
INSTALLATIONS.
WHEREAS, unnecessary and improperly designed light fixtures cause
glare, light pollution, and wasted resources; and,
WHEREAS, glare and light pollution can result in: hazardous circulation
conditions for all modes of transportation; the diminishing ability to view the
night sky; light trespass into residential neighborhoods; and unattractive
townscape; and,
WHEREAS, the City of Fayetteville desires to protect the health, safety
and welfare of the general public, and to protect the night sky that adds to the
quality of life of the City.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF
THE CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS:
Section 1 . That Chapter 151 : Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance,
Code of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting Exhibit "A" attached hereto
and made a part hereof.
Section 2. That Section 156.03(C), Unified Development Ordinance, Code
of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting the following:
§156.03 DEVELOPMENT.
C. Consideration By The Planning Commission.
7. Outdoor Lighting Plan.
a. Undue Hardship. So that substantial justice may be done and
the public interest secured, a developer may petition the Planning Commission
for a variance from the requirements of Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting, by
showing that their strict application would cause undue hardship as applied to
the proposed development; provided that such variance shall not have the effect
of nullifying the intent and purpose of the chapter.
b. Conditions. In granting variances, the Planning Commission
may impose such conditions as will, in its judgment, secure substantially the
objectives of the requirements so varied.
Section 3. That Title XV: Unified Development Code, Code of Fayetteville,
is hereby amended by inserting Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting, a copy of which
marked Exhibit "B" is attached hereto and made a part hereof.
Section 4. That Title XV: Unified Development Code, Code of Fayetteville,
is hereby amended by inserting "Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples," a copy of
which marked Exhibit "C" is attached hereto and made a part hereof.
PASSED and APPROVED this 21St day of June, 2005.
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9, 49 1�tm
E ; FAYETr ILLE ' = By;
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5 '`? DAN GOODY, Mayo
ATTEST: vGTON ��W
By:
S NDRA SMITH, City Clerk
0
EXHIBIT "A"
To be inserted at Chapter 151 : Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance:
DEFINITIONS.
1 . Lamp or Bulb (Outdoor Lighting) means the light producing source
installed in the socket portion of a luminaire.
2. Luminaire or Fixture (Outdoor Lighting) means a complete lighting unit
including the lamps or bulbs, together with the parts required to distribute the
light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power
supply.
3. Light Pollution (Outdoor Lighting) means general sky glow caused by
the scattering of artificial light in the atmosphere and resulting in decreased
ability to see the natural night sky.
4. Glare (Outdoor Lighting) means the brightness of a light source that
causes eye discomfort.
5. Shielding (Outdoor Lighting) means that no part of the lamp or bulb is
visible below the horizontal plane of the fixture where light is emitted. The lamp
or bulb shall be completely enclosed within the fixture. The top and sides of the
fixture above the horizontal plane shall be 100% opaque.
7. Accent Lighting (Outdoor Lighting) means any directional lighting
which emphasizes a particular object or draws attention to a particular area.
8. Spotlight or Floodlight (Outdoor Lighting) means any lamp that
incorporates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a
directed beam in a particular direction.
0 •
EXHIBIT "B"
Chapter 176 article.
Outdoor Lighting D. Compliance with this ordinance
shall be administered by the City of
§176.01 PURPOSE. This chapter is Fayetteville Planning Department.
intended to:
E. In the event of a conflict with
A. Protect the privacy of property any other section of this article, the
owners by limiting the potential for glare more stringent requirement shall
and light trespass from outdoor lighting apply
fixtures located on adjacent properties; §176.03 EXEMPTIONS.
B. Protect drivers, pedestrians, The following are exempt from the
senior citizens, and the visually impaired provisions of this ordinance:
from the glare of non-vehicular light
sources that can impair safe travel; A. Single and two-family residential
uses.
C. Promote efficient and cost
effective lighting; B. Street lights.
D. Allow for flexibility in the style C. Navigation lights (i.e. airports,
of light fixtures; heliports, radio/television towers).
E. Reduce atmospheric light D. Seasonal decorations with
pollution. individual lights in place no longer than
60 days.
§176.02 APPLICABILITY. E. Other special situations approved
A. All outdoor lighting fixtures by the City for temporary or periodic
installed on private and public events (i.e. parades, festivals, etc.)
property after the effective date of F. Security lights of any wattage that
this ordinance shall comply. This are controlled by a motion-sensor switch
ordinance shall not apply to single or and which do not remain on longer than
two family residential dwellings. 12 minutes after activation.
B. All outdoor lighting fixtures
existing and legally installed and G. Flags displaying national, state, or
operative before the effective date of local governmental bodies. Flags
this ordinance are exempt from these advertising businesses are not exempt
from the provisions of this ordinance.
requirements unless they are
determined to create a disabling
glare as defined by this ordinance. Decorative street lighting located
within the Downtown Master Plan
C. When an existing fixture is boundary.
replaced, the replacement fixture
shall meet the requirements of this I. Fossil fuel lighting.
• EXHIBIT "B"
J. Spotlighting on landscaping and Examples of acceptable and
foliage utilizing incandescent lamps or unacceptable light pollution
bulbs of not more than 150 watts. control shielding and hooding are
shown in exhibit "C," attached
§176.04 SUBMITTALS. herein.
A. Applications for building permits B. The hood or shield shall mask the
or applications for review by the direct horizontal surface of the
Planning Commission which include light source. The light shall be
the installation of outdoor lighting aimed to insure that the
fixtures for new construction, shall illumination is only pointing
provide evidence of compliance with downward onto the ground
the requirements of this ordinance. surface.
The submittal shall contain the
following information and shall be C. Existing fixtures may be adapted
submitted as part of the site plan to to comply with this ordinance by
the Planning Department. adding a properly designed hood
or shield, or by pointing any
B. 1 ) Plans indicating the location, upward-mounted, shielded
type, and height of the luminaire fixture downward onto the
including both building and ground ground surface.
mounted fixtures;
D. All outdoor lighting fixtures shall
2) A description of the luminaire, be designed, installed, located
including lamps, poles or other and maintained such that all
supports and shielding devices, direct illumination is kept within
which may be provided as catalogue the boundaries of the fixture
illustrations from the manufacturer; owner's property.
3) Photometric data, such as that E. This section may be enforced on
furnished by the manufacturer; and the basis of a formal complaint
filed in with the Planning
4) Any additional information as Department.
may be required by the City Planning
Department in order to determine F. Accent lighting, when so
compliance with this Ordinance. approved, shall be directed
downward onto the building or
§176.05 GENERAL STANDARDS object and not toward the sky or
onto adjacent properties.
The following standards shall apply
to all outdoor lighting installed after G. Sports Field Lighting shall be
the effective date of this ordinance, designed in accordance with
which is not exempted above: IESNA standards located in
IESNA RP 6-01 "Sports and
A. Outdoor lighting shall be hooded, Recreational Area Lighting."
shielded, and aimed downward.
0 0
Exhibit "C" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
MODIFYING EXISTING FIXTURES
NOT PERMITTED PERMITTED <1auv 77d3_.
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Typical "Wail Peck Fixture Typical "Shoe Box Fixture"
♦ / i \ I i \
♦ , / „ '' / ter _
Typical "Barn Ughr Opaque Retractor (lamp inside( _ / / r i
Area Rood Ugh . Area Flood Ught Win Hood/Shield
ExhNOT" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
NOT PEILNITTED
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City Councioeting of June 7, 2005
Agenda Item Number
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA MEMO Pyr 1 fw2 xV/
door I gi4i n5
To: Mayor and City Council
Through: Gary Dumas, Director of Operations
From : Tim Conklin, Planning and Development Management Director
Date: May 20, 2005
Subject: Ordinance amending Title XV : Unified Development Code, to provide for
the regulation of outdoor lighting installations.
RECOMMENDATION
The Planning Commission on May 9, 2005 voted 8-0 to recommend to City Council the
approval of Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting and attached exhibits.
BACKGROUND
In recent years concerns have been raised in the community regarding the installation and
operation of outdoor lighting at commercial, industrial, and multi-family residential sites.
Obtrusive aspects of outdoor lighting in the form of glare, trespass, energy waste, and sky
glow can be effectively managed with consideration to the design, installation, and use,
of outdoor lighting fixtures. Staff has researched the use of outdoor lighting ordinances
by other communities and has drafted an ordinance that we feel will effectively address
these issues with minimum additional staff workload.
Planning staff supports the adoption of Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting and believes
that it will address the adverse impacts associated with improperly designed and installed
lighting fixtures. Additionally, this ordinance will provide a mechanism to achieve goals
outlined in Section 9. 12 of Fayetteville's General Plan 2020 which guides policies for
neighborhood commercial areas. Specifically, section 9. 12b states "Protect adjoining .
properties from the potential adverse impacts associated with commercial uses adjacent
to and within residential areas with proper mitigation measures that address scale and
massing, traffic, noise, appearance, lighting, drainage, and effects on property values".
A good outdoor lighting ordinance works to achieve this policy.
BUDGETIMPACT
Budget impact is expected to be minimal.
ORDINANCE NO,
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE XV: UNIFIED
DEVELOPMENT CODE, OF THE CODE OF FAYETTEVILLE, TO
PROVIDE FOR THE REGULATION OF OUTDOOR LIGHTING
INSTALLATIONS. %}
WHEREAS, unnecessary and improperly degigneq ligh cause
glare, light pollution, and wasted resources; and,
WHEREAS, glare and light polluti \ result u1: 6 arious circulation
conditions for all modes of transportation t�iediminishi g ability to .view the
night sky; light t espa into c residen�tj I hei hborJli!00) s; and una tractive
townscape; d,
I
4VHE E the ity� o� Fayette "Ile dentes o protect the health, safety
and w, .Ifare of th gene al • ublic, and protect the night sky that adds to the
quality of life o/Jf th City:
NOW T ' ERE »4RE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF
�.
THE ITY OF AYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS:
ection 1. That Chapter 151 : Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance,
Code of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting Exhibit " A" attached hereto
and made a part hereof.
Section 2. That Section 156.03(C), Unified Development Ordinance, Code
of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting the following:
§156.03 DEVELOPMENT.
C. Consideration By The Planning Commission.
7. Outdoor Lighting Plan.
a. Undue Hardship. So that substantial justice may be done and
the public interest secured, a developer may petition the Planning Commission
for a variance from the requirements of Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting, by
showing that their strict application would cause undue hardship as applied to
the proposed development; provided that such variance shall not have the effect
of nullifying the intent and purpose of the chapter.
b. Conditions. In granting variances, the Planning Commission
may impose such conditions as will, in its judgment, secure substantially the
objectives of the requirements so varied.
Section 3. That Title XV: Unified Development Code, Code of Fayeft0illeU�
is hereby amended by inserting Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting,-a• copof which
y'�
marked Exhibit "B" is attached hereto and made a part here I I
Section 4. That Title XV: Unified Development Cod Code of Fayetteville,
is hereby amended by inserting "Outdoor Llighting Fixtur" Exa Iples," a; copy of
r .
which marked Exhibit C" is attached here
` a d made a par rgeof. ,
PASSED and- PROVE^ this 7w ;f une, 2005rQM 1
PROV -
Y:
DAN COODY, Mayor
i
A T:
B y��`
SONDRA SMITH, City Clerk
r
EXHIBIT "A"
To be inserted at Chapter 151 : Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance:
DEFINITIONS.
1 . Lamp or Bulb (Outdoor Lighting) means the light producing source
installed in the socket portion of a luminaire.
2. Luminaire or Fixture (Outdoor Lighting) means a complete lighting unit
including the lamps or bulbs, together with the parts required to distribute the
light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to thepow r
supply. ,
3. Light Pollution (Outdoor Lighting) means genera ky�o caiis� d by
the scattering of artificial light in the atmosphere and k ulting in deer ased
ability to see the natural night sky.
4. Glare (Outdoor Lighting) means;, rightness a 'l-i ht sourc' that
g- g) g g
causes eye discomfort. ar _
5. ' bli g Glar, utLigh ' ; tea vs ightin `^ ' at impairs visibility
and ere 'te to ria y az ` ous situ ion for ,ith " edestrians or motorists.
6. ShieldiOulfd or i g�ting,)� . ans that no light rays are emitted by a
fix above th horiz ntal pI running through the lowest point of the
fix i, where lig Ls t' tt d. The bulb is not visible and no light is emitted from
the Sires of It e"ixI so considered a full-cutoff fixture.
ccent Lighting (Outdoor Lighting) means any directional lighting
wliic emphasizes a particular object or draws attention to a particular area.
8. Spotlight or Floodlight (Outdoor Lighting) means any lamp that
incorporates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a
directed beam in a particular direction.
0
Exhibit `B"
Chapter 176 shall meet the requirements of this
article.
Outdoor Lighting
D. Compliance with this ordinance
shall be administered by the City of
§176.01 PURPOSE. This chapter is Fayetteville Planning Department.
intended to:
E. In the event of a conflict with
A. Protect the privacy of property any other section of this article, the
owners by limiting the potential for glare more stringent requirement shall
and light trespass from outdoor lighting apply.
fixtures located on adjacent properties;
§176.03 EXEMPTIONS.
B. Protect drivers, pedestrians, The following are exempt from the
senior citizens, and the visually impaired provisions of this ordinance
from the glare of non-vehicular light
sources that can impair safe travel; A. Single and two ,f imily re idential
uses.
C. Promote efficient and cost
effective lighting; B. Street I ghts installed pri r to the
Ifective date; f this = rdinance.
D. Allow for flexibility in the style I
of light fixtures; '' C. Navig in 71
I ghts (i.e. I- orts,
heli orts, radio/television toWei
E. Reduce atmos�p$e. c light `' Ai
pollution.-� .- f /' ID. Seasonal decorations with
mdivi"duualdgth s in place no longer than
% 02 APPLICa 131 L1 Y.- ' 60odays.
1C All oul8 r l.1 Itting fiz fires E. Sports field outdoor lighting (i.e.
Ji stalled oGpnvatand public ball fields, soccer fields)
property eft r the-- ``~ ctive date of
is ordinartcc shall comply. This F. Other special situations approved
dineshall not apply to single or by the City for temporary or periodic
"' amily residential dwellings. events (i.e. parades, festivals, etc.)
B. All outdoor lighting fixtures G. Security lights of any wattage that
existing and legally installed and are controlled by a motion-sensor switch
operative before the effective date of and which do not remain on longer than
this ordinance are exempt from these 12 minutes after activation.
requirements unless they are
determined to create a disabling H. Flags displaying national, state, or
glare as defined by this ordinance. local governmental bodies. Flags
advertising businesses are not exempt
C. When an existing fixture is from the provisions of this ordinance.
replaced, the replacement fixture
Exhibit "B"
I. Decorative street lighting located which is not exempted above:
within the Downtown Master Plan
boundary. A. Outdoor lighting shall be hooded,
shielded, and aimed downward.
J. Fossil fuel lighting. Examples of acceptable and
unacceptable light pollution
§176.04 SUBMITTALS. control shielding and hooding are
shown in exhibit B. attached
A. Applications for building permits herein.
or applications for review by the
Planning Commission which include B. The hood or shield shall mask the
the installation of outdoor lighting direct horizontal surface of the
fixtures for new construction, shall light source. The light shall be
provide evidence of compliance with aimed to insure that the
the requirements of this ordinance. illumination is only ,poin ing
ij
The submittal shall contain the downward ont/t ground
following information and shall be surface, with escap g light
submitted as part of the site plan to permitted shi ng upwd into
the Planning Department. thee skv `t
B. 1) Plans indicating the location, C. Any) <bright''light shining onto
type, and height of the luminaire r adjacent=p perty or I streets
including both building -and? round / which ,would result in disabling
mounted fixtures;/ glare hall not b� permitted.
,w Light respass beyond property
2)-A'description o th� maire, bound 'es or above the
inc udmglai ps, ples or other o"zontal lane shall be
s pports an'd s Ito ding devices, " considered non -compliant.
Which may be proytd d as catalogue,,..
gtustrattons rr g m the tnanutactur Y;'"' D. Existing fixtures may be adapted
to comply with this ordinance by
3) Photo etr c' ta, such as that adding a properly designed hood
rnished by the manufacturer, or shield, or by pointing any
showi the angle of light emission; upward -mounted, shielded
7P fixture downward onto the
ground surface.
4) Any additional information as
may be required by the City Planning E. All outdoor lighting fixtures shall
Department in order to determine be designed, installed, located
compliance with this Ordinance. and maintained such that all
direct illumination is kept within
§176.05 GENERAL STANDARDS the boundaries of the fixture
owner's property.
The following standards shall apply
to all outdoor lighting installed after F. This section may be enforced on
the effective date of this ordinance, the basis of a formal complaint
E
Exhibit "B"
filed in with the Planning
Department.
G. Accent lighting, when so
approved, shall be directed
downward onto the building or
object and not toward the sky or
onto adjacent properties.
H. Spotlighting on landscaping and
foliage shall be limited to 150
watts. The lamp shall be shielded
and shall not create disabling
glare.
Exhibit "C" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
MODIFYING EXISTING FIXTURES
NOT PERMITTED
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Typical *Nell Pack Fixture'
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Typical "Barn Light"
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PERMITTED
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Typical -Shoe Box Fixture"
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Opaque Reflector (lamp Inside)
CnAugt Ilex-
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Exhibit "C" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
NOT PERMITTED
Ua\14RN Il{Y 4Lm•
PERM I ITED
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Stricken language would be deleted from and underlined language would be added to the law as it existed
prior to this session of the General Assembly.
State of Arkansas
85th General Assembly
Regular Session, 2005
By: Representative Ledbetter
As Engrossed: H3130105
A Bill
HOUSE BILL 2665
For An Act To Be Entitled
AN ACT TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF SHIELDED OUTDOOR
LIGHTING; AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
THE SHIELDED OUTDOOR LIGHTING ACT.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS:
SECTION 1. Arkansas Code Title 8 is amended to add an additional
chapter to read as follows:
8-14-101. Title.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Shielded Outdoor
Lighting Act".
8-14-102.
Purpose.
The purpose
of
this chapter is to conserve energy
and preserve the
environment through
the regulation of outdoor lighting
fixtures.
8-14-103. Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
(1) "Outdoor lighting fixture" means an automatically -controlled
outdoor artificial illuminating device whether permanent or portable used
for illumination or advertisement, including searchlights spotlights and
floodlights, whether for architectural lighting parking lot lighting
landscape lighting, billboards, or street lighting; and
(2) "Shielded" means a fixture that is covered in a manner that light
rays emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or indirectly from
03-30-2005 08:48 GLG049
As Engrossed: H3/30/05 HB2665
1 the fixture. are proiected below a horizontal plane running through the
2
lowest point on
the fixture
where light is emitted.
3
4
8-14-104.
Shielding
— Prohibitions - Exemptions.
5
(a) After
January 1,
2006:
6
(1)(A)
No public
funds shall be used to install an outdoor
7
lighting fixture
unless it
is shielded.
8
(B) The
provisions of subdivision (a)(1) of this section
9
shall not apply
to a municipally
owned utility if the municipal employee
10 responsible for procurement determines that the cost of acaviring a shielded
11 outdoor lighting fixture will be more expensive than the alternative after
12 comparing:
13 (i) The cost of the fixtures; and
14 (ii) The proiected energy cost of the operation of
15 the fixtures
16 (C) No state funds shall be used for the installation of a
17 shielded or unshielded mercury vapor outdoor lighting fixture.
18 (2) The Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality shall
19 promulgate regulations prohibiting any person or entity from knowingly
20 placing or disposing of lights containing mercury in a landfill after January
21 1. 2008.
22 (3)(A) Each electric public utility shall offer a shielded
23 lighting service option.
24 (B) Not later than January 1, 2006, each electric public
25 utility shall file an application with the Arkansas Public Service Commission
26 to establish a schedule of rates and charges for the provision of a shielded
27 lighting service option to the utility's customers.
28 (C) The Arkansas Public Service Commission shall require
29 each electric public utility to inform its customers of the availability of
30 the shielded lighting service.
31 (b) This chapter does not apply to acquisitions of:
32 (1) Incandescent outdoor lighting fixtures of one hundred fifty
33 watts (150W) or less or other light sources of seventy watts (70W) or less;
34 (2) Outdoor lighting fixtures on advertisement signs on
35 interstate or federal primary highways;
36 (3)(A) Outdoor lighting fixtures existing and legally installed
2 03-30-2005 08:48 GLG049
As Engrossed: H3/30/0_5 HB2665
1 before the effective date of this chapter.
2 (B) However, if an existing outdoor lighting fixture
3 exempted from the provisions of this chapter under subdivision (b)(3)(A) of
4 this section needs to be replaced, the acquisition of the replacement outdoor
5 lighting fixture shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter;
6 (4) Navigational lighting systems at airports or other lighting
7 necessary for aircraft safety: and
8 (5) Outdoor lighting fixtures that are necessary for worker
9 safety at farms, ranches, dairies, or feedlots or industrial mining or oil
10 and gas facilities.
11
12 8-14-105. Penalties.
13 Violations of this chapter are punishable by:
14 (1) A warning for a first offense: and
15 (2) A fine of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) minus the replacement
16 cost for each offending outdoor lighting fixture for a second or subsequent
17 offense or for an offense that continues for thirty (30) calendar days from
18 the date of the warning.
19
20 8-14-106. Enforcement.
21 This chapter may be enforced by a town, city, or county of this state
22 by seeking injunctive relief in a court of competent jurisdiction
23
24 8-14-107. Provisions supplemental.
25 The provisions of this chapter are cumulative and supplemental and
26 shall not apply within a town, city, or county of this state that by
27 ordinance has adopted provisions restricting light pollution that are equal
28 to or more stringent than the provisions of this chapter.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
/s/ Ledbetter
KI
03-30-2005 08:48 GLG049
ADM 05-1497: Administrative Item: Outdoor Lighting Ordinance (formerly AD 01-
15): Submitted by Long Range Planning as a proposal to add an Outdoor Lighting
Ordinance to the Unified Development Code.
Ostner: The first item on our agenda is ADM 05-1497 for the Outdoor Lighting
ordinance.
Olson: We have before us the outdoor lighting ordinance. As most of you are
probably aware, staff has worked on this off and on for quite some time
and we feel that this ordinance before you is a pretty straight forward
ordinance that will achieve our purpose however, it will have a minimum
additional work load for staff in terms of review and things of that nature.
I have a short PowerPoint presentation for you tonight. There is the
United States from a satellite photo. There is lots of light. The purpose of
the outdoor lighting ordinance is to limit glare and light trespass on
adjacent properties. Protect drivers and pedestrians from hazardous glare.
Promote the efficient and cost effective outdoor lighting while allowing
for flexibility and design and the style of outdoor light fixtures. Finally, to
reduce atmospheric light pollution. The applicability, any outdoor lighting
fixtures in new development would have to comply with the regulations of
this ordinance and any outdoor lighting fixtures being completely replaced
would also have to comply. There are a number of exemptions from the
ordinance. Single and two family residential dwellings. Any street lights
that were installed prior to the adoption of the ordinance. Of course, your
navigational lights for airports and towers. Seasonal decorative lighting.
Sports field lighting. Security lighting that is controlled by timed motion
sensors and the decorative street lighting that is located in the downtown
master plan area. How this ordinance will be enacted is much the same
way as how we now get a landscape plan or a grading plan. At the time of
submittal the applicant would provide staff with an outdoor lighting plan.
On that plan, the applicant would indicate the location and type of fixture,
the description of the laminar or the bulb, including lamps, poles and
shielding devices and then also the photometric data showing the angle of
light emission. The photometric data is available from the manufacturer
of the fixture. Any outdoor lighting shall be coated, shielded, and aimed
downward. The hood or shield shall mask the direct horizontal surface of
the light source. Light trespass beyond property boundaries shall be
considered non -compliant. Again, when an existing fixture is replaced the
replacement must meet the requirements of this ordinance. When you
speak of shielded fixtures, these are some examples, the bulb is located up
in the fixture, no light escapes above the horizontal plain of the fixture.
All of that light is directed downwards onto the ground. These are
examples of parking lot street lighting type applications. These are wall
mounts. You typically see floodlights on walls with commercial type
development. These fixtures are all shielded, the light is directed
downward. Lighting manufacturers are making more ornamental type
fixtures that are fully shielded so there is a lot of flexibility in design out
there. Those are just some examples of what a shielded fixture looks like.
This gives you an idea of what it does for you. The fixture on the left is a
shielded shoe box fixture, the light is coming down. The pictures to the
right are not shielded and the light is going in all directions. That kind of
gives you a good idea of the difference in shielded verses unshielded
fixtures. It is directing that light down to the ground, not allowing any
light to escape above the horizontal plain. I have some pictures of the city.
This is a light fixture that is intended to light the canopy of a gas station.
The gas station has lighting in the canopy but these fixtures project onto
the canopy to light the logo of the company. This is what it looks like
during the daytime and this is what it looks like at night. It is 6' off the
ground, unshielded, focused up into the atmosphere. If you look past this
fixture you see more lighting in the gas company there. Those are not
shielded. The lens sags below the canopy so it emits a lot of light out in all
directions. This is a typical gas canopy light, convenience store light.
Again, you see the bulb is located down in the lens. This is what it looks
like at night. These were taken with a digital camera with the flash off.
Here is a gas station canopy and that is what it looks like at night.
Obviously, there is a lot of glare there. These are typical parking lot type
applications. Where the fixture is a good fixture, it is just that it is aimed
at a 45° angle so you are not directing that light downward onto the
ground, you are throwing it out at a 45° angle. That kind of gives you
some ideas. If you drive around the city at night you can see some good
and bad examples of outdoor lighting. This ordinance is intended to give a
lot of flexibility to the lighting designer while achieving our purpose of
directing that light onto the ground and reducing light pollution, energy
waste and the glare is the biggest issue with pedestrians and drivers,
seeing that glare shine into your eyes from badly installed outdoor
lighting. In your packet on 4.1 is the staff report. It kind of walks through
some of your basic questions in terms of what does an outdoor lighting
ordinance do. How does the proposed outdoor lighting ordinance, what
will it regulate, what will it exempt. Then on page 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 you
have the actual ordinance. The ordinance itself is about three pages and
then there is another page of examples of fixtures. I would be happy to
entertain any questions.
Ostner: Commissioners?
I have one question.
You
handed
out this bill from the
State Legislature,
could you elaborate
on that
a little
bit?
Olson: The State Legislature passed a bill in the last session titled "An Act to
Encourage the Use of Shielded Outdoor Lighting and Other Purposes." It
is the shielded outdoor lighting act. I became aware of this Friday. The
shielded definition is almost word for word the definition that we have in
our ordinance. Basically, this state law says that no public funds shall be
used to install an outdoor lighting fixture unless it is shielded. For
example, any highway lighting that would be state or federally funded,
they would have to put up shielded fixtures. The other thing that it does,
in Section 3(a) it says that each electric public utility shall offer a shielded
lighting service option. Currently in the City of Fayetteville if you were to
develop a subdivision I believe they give you two or three options of street
light fixtures that you can put in your development. None of which are
shielded fixtures. This state law actually mandates that by January 1, 2006
each electric public utility shall have shielded fixtures for installation.
That was a question with previous ordinances as to street lighting and how
do we get the utility companies to go along with this. This state law is
actually going to mandate that for them. It really works in conjunction
with the outdoor lighting ordinance that we have proposed.
Clark: Does the state law include sports field outdoor lighting?
Olson: The state law doesn't make mention of sport field lighting.
Allen: We have been playing around with this for a long time with other efforts,
we have taken a league of new employees in order to implement it and I
commend you for making this simple enough. I know we could tweak it to
the end of the earth but I think you have done a good job and I think it is
an ordinance that can be implemented. I am going to move for approval of
ADM 05-1497 to be forwarded to the City Council.
Myres: I will second.
Ostner: I have a few questions. I would agree that this is a good ordinance and we
have been trying to do this for a long time. On page 4.2 we are talking
about proposed outdoor lighting ordinances, what uses will it regulate and
what uses will it exempt? Will these ordinances apply to parking lots?
Olson: Yes, they will apply to parking lots in commercial and multi -family
residential and industrial uses.
Ostner: Parking lots for parks or non-commercial uses?
Olson: That is a good question, I don't know that we address that. It addresses
sports field lighting for parks and schools and such as exempting them. I
would say that it would. We could clarify that. Jeremy might have
something.
Pate: I don't know that we have specifically indicated exempt or not. I would
just make mention that most city divisions are typically required to follow
most city ordinances, much like the city follows it's own ordinances for a
LSD or the Parks Division does the same. I think there are specific
exemptions with regards to certain things but if that is something that this
Planning Commission, the Ordinance Review Committee or the City
Council would like to exempt we can certainly pass forward that
information to them for their review as well.
Ostner: That is the same reasoning I was thinking. Since we are exempting the
Downtown Master Plan lights it was an idea that crossed my mind. On the
issue of trespassing onto someone else's property, here again, I understand
this is in the beginning phases and has a lot of tweaking until it gets done,
I would be interested on whether a property owner's front property line
would be considered a property line. There are specific drawings at the
bottom of page 4.6 that talk about shielding to not spill over onto the
neighbor's property. Front right of way is a form of property line. It is
not the same as your side property. I would encourage the staff to look
into that. Those are a few of my issues. Are there any other questions
from anyone else? At this point I am going to open this issue up to public
comment. If anyone would like to speak on the outdoor lighting ordinance
please step forward and share your comments. Seeing none, I will close it
to the public comment section and bring it back to the Commission. There
is a motion and a second to forward, if there is no other comment go ahead
and call the roll Renee.
Roll Call: Upon the completion of roll call the motion to forward ADM 05-1497 to
the City Council with a recommendation for approval was approved by a
vote of 8-0-0.
Thomas: The motion carves.
RESOLUTION
ARKANSAS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
WHEREAS the City of Fayetteville has been working on a Lighting Ordinance
two years, and
WHEREAS the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce, its Past Chairmen's Club and
Construction and Developers Committee have monitored the Lighting Ordinance issue
with concern and input, and
WHEREAS the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce and its volunteer committees
represent the business community of the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and
WHEREAS the Past Chairmen's Club and the Construction and Developers Committee
recommends the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors endorse the
latest attached draft of the Lighting Ordinance that will go before the Fayetteville City
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Board of Directors of the
Fayetteville, Arkansas Chamber of Commerce support the latest attached draft of the
Lighting Ordinance and that a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the Mayor and City
Council of the City of Fayetteville.
Passed and approved this 23rd day of May 2005.
By:
^I U
Cathy Foraker
Vice Chairman of the Board
Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce
Attest: msQ/
J. W. "Bill" Ramsey
President/CEO
Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce
City of Fayetteville
Staff Review Form
City Council Agenda Items
Contracts
7 -Jun -05
City Council Meeting Date
Leif Olson Planning & Development Mgmt. Operations
Submitted By Division Department
Action Required:
Approval of an Outdoor Lighting Ordinance for the City of Fayetteville, see attached Staff Report and Ordinance
$0.00
Cost of this request
n/a
Account Number
n/a
Project Number
Budgeted Item
Department D rector L
City A ney
n/a
Category/Project Budget
n/a
Funds Used to Date
n/a
Remaining Balance
Budget Adjustment Attached
n/a
Program Category / Project Name
n/a
Program / Project Category Name
n/a
Fund Name
Previous Ordinance or Resolution # n/a
S'Zo•OS Original Contract Date: n/a
Date
n� Original Contract Number: n/a
S L3 Received in City Clerk's Office
Date
rReceived in Mayors Office �>��
o �
Mayor Date
FRECEIVED
CANNA 7,'26A�
eY ILLE
C� FFICE
RESOLUTION
THE FAYETTEVILLE ARKANSAS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
WHEREAS the City of Fayetteville has been working on a Lighting Ordinance for over
two years, and
WHEREAS the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce, its Past Chairmen's Club and
Construction and Developers Committee have monitored the Lighting Ordinance issue
with concern and input, and
WHEREAS the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce and its volunteer committees
represent the business community of the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and
WHEREAS the Past Chairmen's Club and the Construction and Developers Committee
recommends the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors endorse the
latest attached draft of the Lighting Ordinance that will go before the Fayetteville City
Council on June 9
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Board of Directors of the
Fayetteville, Arkansas Chamber of Commerce support the latest attached draft of the
Lighting Ordinance and that a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the Mayor and City
Council of the City of Fayetteville.
Passed and approved this 23rd day of May 2005.
I
By:
Cathy Foraker
Vice Chairman of the Board
Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce
Attest:
J. W. "Bill" Ramsey
President/CEO
Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce
ORDINANCE NO,
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE XV: UNIFIED
DEVELOPMENT CODE, OF THE CODE OF FAYETTEVILLE, TO
PROVIDE FOR THE REGULATION OF. OUTDOOR LIGHTING
INSTALLATIONS:
WHEREAS, unnecessary and improperly
glare, light pollution, and wasted resources; end,
WHEREAS, glare and
conditions for all modes o „M
night sky; light "e5 i
r
Ifare of
of life o
n
result
ability
and
de. Ii gTo protect the health, safety
protect the night sky that adds to the
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF
LE, ARKANSAS:
ection 1. That Chapter 151: Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance,
Code of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting Exhibit "A" attached hereto
and made a part hereof.
Section 2. That Section 156.03(C), Unified Development Ordinance, Code
of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting the following:
§156.03 DEVELOPMENT.
C. Consideration By The Planning Commission.
7. Outdoor Lighting Plan.
a. Undue Hardship. So that substantial justice may be done and
the public interest secured, a developer may petition the Planning Commission
for a variance from the requirements of Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting, by
showing that their strict application would cause undue hardship as applied to
the proposed development; provided that such variance shall not have the effect
of nullifying the intent and purpose of the chapter.
E
b. Conditions. In granting variances, the Planning Commission
may impose such conditions as will, in its judgment, secure substantially the
objectives of the requirements so varied.
Section 3. That Title XV: Unified Development Code, Code of
is hereby amended by inserting Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting .a
marked Exhibit B is attached hereto and made a part heredf
Section 4. That Title XV: Unified Devilment Cade Cod' of Fay FM ville,
is hereby amended by inserting "Outdoor Vi ting Fix ples," a e - y of
which marked Exhibit "C" is attached hereE d made a� eof.
PASSED andAT.99OVW this
SONDRA SMITH, City Clerk
DAN COODY, Mayor
EXHIBIT "A"
To be inserted at Chapter 151: Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance:
DEFINITIONS.
1. Lamp or Bulb (Outdoor Lighting) means the light producing source
installed in the socket portion of a lummaire.
2. Luminaire or Fixture (Outdoor Lighting) means a complete lighting unit
including the lamps or bulbs, together with the parts required to distribute the
light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the
supply.
3. Light Pollution (Outdoor Lighting) means
the scattering of artificial light in the atmosphere
ability to see the natural night sky. 9A
4. Glare (Outdoor
causes eye
5.
for
O
by
in
impairs visibility
ns or motorists.
ice' y
6. Shieldi O
or - g_, tin ans
that no light rays are
emitted by a
fix above ho '
ntal ' running
through the lowest
point of the
fix where li, is...
d. The bulb is not
visible and no light is
emitted from
�'
the I es of the • tuY
so considered a full -cutoff
fixture.
cent Lighting (Outdoor Lighting) means any directional lighting
w . emphasizes a particular object or draws attention to a particular area.
8. Spotlight or Floodlight . (Outdoor Lighting) means any lamp that
incorporates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a
directed beam in a particular direction:
Exhibit "B"
Chapter 176
Outdoor Lighting
§176.01 PURPOSE. This chapter
intended to:
is
A. Protect the privacy of property
owners by limiting the potential for glare
and light trespass from outdoor lighting
fixtures located on adjacent properties;
B. Protect drivers, pedestrians,
senior citizens, and the visually impaired
from the glare of non -vehicular light
sources that can impair safe travel;
C. Promote efficient and cost
effective lighting;
D. Allow for flexibility in the style
of light fixtures;
E. Reduce
All
r ffdctive date of
ce MWI comply. This
shall not apply to single or
residential dwellings.
B. All outdoor lighting fixtures
existing and legally installed and
operative before the effective date of
this ordinance are exempt from these
requirements unless they are
determined to create a disabling
glare as defined by this ordinance.
C. When an existing fixture is
replaced, the replacement fixture
shall meet the requirements of this
article.
D. Compliance with this ordinance
shall be administered by the City of
Fayetteville Planning Department.
E. In the event of a conflict with
any other section of this article, the
more stringent requirement shall
apply.
§176.03 EXEMPTIONS.
The following are exempt from
provisions of this ordinance:
A. Single and
uses. W&14
B. Stree"l!illahts installed &iSr to the
'b decorations with
in place no longer than
E. Sports field outdoor lighting (i.e.
ball fields, soccer fields)
F. Other special situations approved
by the City for temporary or periodic
events (i.e. parades, festivals, etc.)
G. Security lights of any wattage that
are controlled by a motion -sensor switch
and which do not remain on longer than
12 minutes after activation.
H. Flags displaying national, state, or
local governmental bodies. Flags
advertising businesses are not exempt
from the provisions of this ordinance.
Exhibit "B"
I. Decorative street lighting located which is not exempted above:
within the Downtown Master Plan
boundary. A. Outdoor lighting shall be hooded,
shielded, and aimed downward.
J. Fossil fuel lighting. Examples of .acceptable and.
unacceptable light pollution
§176.04 SUBMITTALS, control shielding and hooding are
shown in exhibit B, attached
A. Applications for building permits herein.
or applications for review by the
Planning Commission which include. B. The hood or shield shall mask the
the installation of outdoor lighting direct horizontal surface of the
fixtures for new construction, shall light source. The light shall be
provide evidence of compliance with aimed to insure that the
the requirements of this ordinance. illumination is only 03`""'
q Y , ..,p. g
The submittal shall contain the downward onto Sher" gro d
following information and shall be surface, scap g light
submitted as part of the site plan to perm "'`3zrp up.Y d into
the Planning Department.
B. 1) Plans indicating the location, C. Any ght ight sh. g onto
type, and height of the .luminaire adjaoe perty . o streets
including both buildin .. dtground w hoe ould result it ling
mounted fixtures- glaz hall not b ermitted.
.M'
Li g ' : espass beyond property
2) . 8s riptio the inaire, bo s or above the
041%rpoJifdIng psi a or other zontal plane shall be
pports an sluedevices considered non -compliant.
;� 5 x s�..
3 w)uch may , E, road d W to a
r) ustrations m t "e; anuiact D. Existing fixtures may be adapted
to comply with this ordinance by
3) Ph a such as that adding a properly designed hood
mish by the manufacturer, or shield, or by pointing any
sl the angle of light emission; upward -mounted, shielded
,, .
fixture downward onto . the
ground surface.
4) Any additional information as
may be required by the City Planning E. All outdoor lighting fixtures shall
Department in order to determine be designed, installed, located
compliance with this Ordinance. and maintained such that all
direct illumination is kept within
§176.05 GENERAL STANDARDS the boundaries of the fixture
owner's property.
The following standards shall apply
to all outdoor lighting installed after F. This section may be enforced on
the effective date of this ordinance, the basis of a formal complaint
Exhibit "B"
filed in with the Planning
Department.
G. Accent lighting, when so
approved,. shall be . directed
downward onto the building or
object and not toward the sky or
onto adjacent properties.
H. Spotlighting on landscaping and
foliage shall be limited to 150
watts. The lamp shall be shielded
and shall not create disabling
glare.
Exhibit "C" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
MODIFYING EXISTING FIXTURES
NOT PERMITTED
'
J
1,
l
1
/
Typical *Wall Pack Fi dwe•
� 1
Typical "Rein Ughr
Aide Flood UgM .
NOTPERMIITED ,
Us.9H/.a �4�Dam
/
/
PERMITTKD
9YYN lylt W.m
' /
1
N.OMJwY iY�
dY YeKAe rvpr.Yr.
If A
r.�I.+py ��'
NJ111rY. [�yvd
ORDINANCE NO,
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE XV: UNIFIED
DEVELOPMENT CODE, OF THE CODE OF FAYETTEVILLE, TO
PROVIDE FOR THE REGULATION OF OUTDOOR LIGHTING
INSTALLATIONS.
WHEREAS, unnecessary and improperly desigied light fi
glare, light pollution, and wasted resources; and,
WHEREAS, glare and light polluti result Via' ou
conditions for all modes o tr�ansportatiti t dinums'` g ability
night sky; light trey pa s in resider' 11 hb4 o s; and
NHEREQIS th ille dEOM �o protect the health, safety
Ifare of h gepe aI%Layetlq
ad t protect the night sky that adds to the
of life of1th City.
JJVEREEEORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF
FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS:
e0PI!5Ection 1. That Chapter 151: Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance,
Code of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting Exhibit "A" attached hereto
and made a part hereof.
Section 2. That Section 156.03(C), Unified Development Ordinance, Code
of Fayetteville is hereby amended by inserting the following:
§156.03 DEVELOPMENT.
C. Consideration By The Planning Commission.
7. Outdoor Lighting Plan.
a. Undue Hardship. So that substantial justice may be done and
the public interest secured, a developer may petition the Planning Commission
for a variance from the requirements of Chapter 176: Outdoor Lighting, by
showing that their strict application would cause undue hardship as applied to
the proposed development; provided that such variance shall not have the effect
of nullifying the intent and purpose of the chapter.
SONDRA SMITH, City Clerk
b. Conditions. In granting variances, the Planning Commission
may impose such conditions as will, in its judgment, secure substantially the
objectives of the requirements so varied.
Section 3. That Title XV: Unified Development Code, Code of Fay ..tt ill ,y
is hereby amended by inserting Chapter 176: Outdoor Ligh;ing,ra, oPTf w hich
marked Exhibit "B" is attached hereto and made a part hered .
Section 4. That Title XV: Unified Development C d Cod of Fay �tt ville,
is hereby amended by inserting "Outdoor >/ihting Fixtur x'aI ples," a c y of
//��
which marked Exhibit "C" is attached heretOTat1d made a oar h 4 `�
PASSED and PROVEI0 this
DAN COODY, Mayor
•
EXHIBIT "A"
To be inserted at Chapter 151: Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance:
DEFINITIONS.
1. Lamp or Bulb (Outdoor Lighting) means the light producing source
installed in the socket portion of a luminaire.
2. Lun inaire or Fixture (Outdoor Lighting) means a complete lighting unit
including the lamps or bulbs, together with the parts required to distribute the
light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the pow
supply. !�� I
3. Light Pollution (Outdoor
Lighting) means
gefRylow
caI by
the scattering of artificial light in
the atmosphere
auiting in
der, ased
ability to see the natural
night sky.
fi►
4. Glare (Outdoor
causes eye discomfort.
Ell
5. . g ( `t • our�"Irting) a a o pp;Jlthe lamp or bulb is
h �• o plane he fixt h+ re Might is emitted. The
or bulb a I b ely en 7 sed within the fixture. The top and sides
fixture c e - ae ho al a - shall be 100% opaque.
Outdoor Lighting) means any directional lighting
Jar object or draws attention to a particular area.
J`�potlight or Floodlight (Outdoor Lighting) means any lamp that
ind porates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a
directed beam in a particular direction.
0
Chapter 176
Outdoor Lighting
§176.01 PURPOSE. This chapter is
intended to:
A. Protect the privacy of property
owners by limiting the potential for glare
and light trespass from outdoor lighting
fixtures located on adjacent properties;
B. Protect drivers, pedestrians,
senior citizens, and the visually impaired
from the glare of non -vehicular light
sources that can impair safe travel;
C. Promote efficient and cost
effective lighting;
D. Allow for flexibility in the style
of light fixtures;
E. Reduce atmospheric light
pollution.
D. Compliance with this ordinance
shall be administered by the City of
Fayetteville Planning Department.
E. In the event of a conflict with
any other section of this article, the
more stringent requirement shall
apply.
§176.03 EXEMPTIONS.
The following are exempt from the
provisions of this ordinance:
A. Single and.two-family residential
uses.
B. Street lights.
=* C. Navigation lights (i.e. airports,
heliports, radio/television towers).
'_D, ;,Seasonal decorations with
individual lights in place no longer than
60 days.
§176.02 APPLICABILITY
r
A. All outdoor j{Iigh'i hp�4wffiftures
installed 'on private and public
property after' ithe effective date of
ihis'ordinance''shall comply. This
ordinance shall not apply to single or
t� o family residential dwellings.
B. 'AII;t qutdoor lighting fixtures
existing and legally installed and
operative before the effective date of
this ordinance are exempt from these
requirements.
C. When an existing fixture is
replaced, the replacement fixture
shall meet the requirements of this
article.
E. Other special situations approved
by the City for temporary or periodic
events (i.e. parades, festivals, etc.)
F. Security lights of any wattage that
are controlled by a motion -sensor switch
and which do not remain on longer than
12 minutes after activation.
G. Flags displaying national, state, or
local governmental bodies. Flags
advertising businesses are not exempt
from the provisions of this ordinance.
H. Fossil fuel lighting.
1. Spotlighting on landscaping and
foliage utilizing incandescent lamps or
bulbs of not more than 150 watts.
M
0
§176.04 SUBMITTALS.
A. Applications for building permits
or applications for review by the
Planning Commission which include
the installation of outdoor lighting
fixtures for new construction, shall
provide evidence of compliance with
the requirements of this ordinance.
The submittal shall contain the
following information and shall be
submitted as part of the site plan to
the Planning Department.
B. 1) Plans indicating the location,
type, and height of the luminaire
including both building and ground
mounted fixtures;
2) A description of the luminaire,
including lamps, poles or other
supports and shielding devices,
which may be provided as catalogue
illustrations from the manufacturer;_
3) Photometric data, such
furnished by the manuf
showing the angle of lighi en
and 1A
4) Any additidbal'info oration as
may be required bythewCi y Planning
Department in order to determine
compliance with tl isiOrdinance.
§F%05 GENERAL STANDARDS
The following standards shall apply
to all outdoor lighting installed after
the effective date of this ordinance,
which is not exempted above:
A. Outdoor lighting shall be hooded,
shielded, and aimed downward.
Examples of acceptable and
unacceptable light pollution
control shielding and hooding are
shown in exhibit B. attached
herein.
B. The hood or
shield shall mask the
direct horizontal
surface of the
light source.
The
light shall be
aimed to
insure that the
illumination
is
only pointing
downward
onto
the ground
surface.
C. Existing fixtures may be -adapted
to complye,with this, ordinance by
adding a"properly designed hood
or ,s ield.,, or-� by pointing any
upward -mounted; shielded
fixture downward onto the
D. Al_Poutdoor lighting fixtures shall
be designed, installed, located
and maintained such that all
direct illumination is kept within
the boundaries of the fixture
owner's property.
E. This section may be enforced on
the basis of a formal complaint
filed in with the Planning
Department.
F. Accent lighting, when so
approved, shall be directed
downward onto the building or
object and not toward the sky or
onto adjacent properties.
G. Sports Field Lighting shall be
designed in accordance with the
IESNA standards located in
IESNA RP 6-01 "Sports and
Recreational Area Lighting".
Exhibit "C" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
MOD1FYNG EXISTING FIXTURES
NOT PERMITTED
/
/ \41
iypicai •Wan Peck Fixture
/
/ 1
Typkai "Bam ushr
/
� � v
I I \ \
I I \
Area Flood UgM .
PERMITTED
h
/ I \ \•
1 % �
Typical'Shoe Box Fixture
I�
J.Pj'�� /j
w // I \ \\
Opaque Reneclor (Iamp Inside)
Area Fkod Light with Hood4hield
(AaoS 7WL.
/
/
i
To 7'hiv_
I N.
/L1et`Tlrj`-
i
To 7Lb_.
/
/
r ♦ �
/
/
r�rab
V
P.
-acL.u.s�lm.-
s I
t\/
Exhibit "C" - Outdoor Lighting Fixture Examples.
NOTPERMrrrED
a>6fk+u+M•fum
PERMITTED
:u.u./uy1nr.
/
1
n. Yd•a•.b m..
hY W.MI�. •.ym Y.
1•�f.yn••
�
1••il�Yy A»e.+
IKL PEATIt AND TAXI "W I'i = Yu
denvinr, that outdoor lighting has
�- bce3nie an incIapahle,p.0 l (if life..-
s'
Strecthghts admit our roads, billboards
stud our freesyays, shopping-ccntcil park-
ing lots are aglow from duskto-diwn,
businesses obsess over late -night security,-
�_ and rrrnveniVII re Strtw omdazdc one
another to compete for customers. 4Vz
-'.-,cheat the night of darkness and, in the
process, create light pollution that cobs
the sky or stars.
I, ]et t I IC st rectIights have horn N'i Ih I:
. since the 188Os, and it wasn't lon4 t!it rc-
after that some manhfacturers reemg-,
nized the visual and cost -saving benefits
of directing light down, onto the ground.:
In 1918 the-Holophaue Glass. Co. pub-:
n luhed thevery first roadway fighting
',marmal. Titled 77ie Nety Ern in Street
s Eigh6ng, it set forth a number of recom
emended practices, among them the corn-.
'-iron-sense notion that "Light above the
'.`horizontal must be conserved." lit a later
- section, the manual notes:
In addition to the two fundamental
items of highly efficient lamps and the
clfecme use of the light, as discussed, it
is very important to see to it that the
street lighting system produces an ef-
feet which surrounds the eyes of those
- - ruing the streets with conditions under
which the eye is free to perform its
functions properly. Any system which
Luls in this respect is extravagant — no
duff how efficient the lamps nor
I o n. efficiently the light may he direa-
d upon the street surfaces or objects.
t -,Lie sores seriously to reduce the
di,terning power of the Cyr.
Lighting up the night has become a way of
Fide. Our round-the-clock society demands
that outdoor spaces be lit up for safety and
security. But bigger and brighter lights do
not equate with a safer nighttime environ-
ment — good lighting design is the key.
Sky & Telescope j December 2002 33
I
Unfortunately, .almost no onedeeded
this unsung champion -of good lighting
.' piacticesrInstead, 'artificial skyglow be-
came maikedly more obvious in the late
20th century with the widespread use of
high -intensity: fixtures utilizing mercury-
. vapor and high -pressure -sodium lamps,
and with a societal shift that found more
people on the streets at night — and at
later'hours — than ever before. As our
nocturnal wanderings increased, so too
did the need for ubiquitous nighttime il-
lumination. Then. decision -makers began
to equate "more light' with "better safety
and security; even though objective proof
of such a relationship did not exist.
In 1996, at the request of Congress, the
National Institute of Justice conducted a
landmark assessment of crime and vio-
lence in the United States and published
the results as Preventing Crime. What
Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising.
The study found little research to support
"brighter -is -safer" approaches and even
suggested that in some circumstances
poorly designed illumination might ac-
tually increase personal vulnerability:
The problematic relationship between
lighting and crime increases when one
considers that offenders need lighting
to detect potential targets and low -risk
situations. Consider lighting at outside
ATM machines, for example. An ATM
user might feel safer when the ATM
and its immediate surrounding area
are well lit However, this same lighting
makes the patron more visible to pass-
ing offenders. Whom the lighting serves
is unclear.
Vision and safety are further compro-
mised by glare, which results when a
light source forces the eye to adapt to a
brighter scene than is actually present.
Lighting engineers make a distinction
between discomfort glare, which may not
necessarily affect visual performance, and
disability glare, which does. (One exam-
ple of the latter is what you experience at
night from the "high -beam" headlights
of an oncoming vehicle.)
In recent years the role of glare on vi-
sual performance has taken center stage
in lighting research. Nowhere is this truer
than within the ranks of the Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America,
which establishes standards and recom-
mended practices followed by fighting
designers and manufacturers. New stud-
ies on glare, task -specific lighting, and
their environmental context are driving
4
3
r
N
v
N
2
N
w
/
400 500 600 /00
Wavelength (nanometers)
Cones in the human eye provide daytime (photopic) vision and perceive color. But they are far
less sensitive to dim light than rods, which we use for nighttime (scotopic) vision. Modern
sources of illumination vary greatly in efficiency and color. Note the poor match of high- and
low-pressure sodium-vapor lights to the scotopic response curve, which peaks in blue-green
light. A dim nighttime scene may require twice as many lumens of HPS light, or more, to equal
the visibility of the "bluer" light emitted by a metal -halide bulb. Eye -response curves courtesy
Gunter Wyszeck) and W. S. Stiles; lamp spectra courtesy Dennis di Cicco and J. Kelly Beatty.
major revisions in the society's approach
to establishing recommendations. "There's
been a profound change in the IESNA"
says James Benya, a nationally recognized
lighting professional, and pro -dark -sky
principles now dominate the society's
deliberations over outdoor lighting.
Color My World
One key area of research involves the
eye's spectral response and which bulb
types are best for nighttime vision. Ama-
teur astronomers, more than most, ap-
preciate that we see differently during
daylight than we do in darkness. The
cones, which function only if exposed to
luminance levels of at least 3 candelas per
square meter, provide photopic (daytime)
vision. (Basic lighting terminology is ex-
plained in the box on page 37.) Although
they discern color, cones are most sensi-
tive to yellow light, near 555 nanometers
in wavelength. The rods, on the other
hand, kick in when the luminance falls
below 0.01 cd/mr, during scotopic (night-
time) vision. Rods detect brightness, not
color, and are most sensitive to blue
green light, around 507 net.
In deep twilight and tinder most out-
door -lighting situations, our eyes utilize
a third range of vision, termed mesopic,
for which the rods and cones work to-
gether to varying degrees. And it's here,
says researcher Ian Lewin (Lighting Sci-
ences), that the situation gets complicat-
ed, because to the eye all lumens are not
created equal. Various lamps emit light
with distinctly different spectra, and not
all are a good match to the scotopic sen-
sitivity range. As the chart above shows,
34 December 2002 1 Sky &Telescope
'white -fight" sources such as metal -halide
lamps produce most of their output in
the scotopic range, whereas bulbs using
high- and low-pressure sodium create
yellowish spectra that the eye does not
we as well in low -light situations.
For example, major roadways in North
America typically are ht with an illuuti-
tmnce of no more than 1 lux, or 0.1 foot-
candle — roughly 10 times that from the
full Moon. To get the same level of sco-
topic response within the eye, HPS street-
lights would need to be roughly one-
third brighter — and LPS streetlights
nearly twice as bright. A more critical
benchmark may be a drivers response
time under varying streetlight sources. At
the lighting levels typically found on side
streets or in off-street surruundings, two
to six times tttore HPS light is needed,
compared to a metal -halide standard, to
achieve equivalent response times.
New Directions in streetlight Design
An estimated 35 to 50 percent of all light
pollution comes from streetlights, which
typically are on every night from dusk
until dawn and vary widely in design.
Most streetlights have a rounded lens of
plastic or glass below the lamp housing,
the shape of which dictates how the
beam is distributed onto the ground.
Some have adsanced optics to spread
their light in specific, well -controlled di-
rections, while others cast their output
more indiscriminately — including up
into the sky.
Streellights termed fitfl cutoff, which
typically have flat bottoms or lenses, emit
no light above horizontal, whereas cutoff
futures more leniently allow 2Y percent
of the light to shine per degree of angle
at or above horizontal. The serni-cutoff
classification, which allows even more
upward -directed light, is the one most
commonly used. Semi -cutoff "cobra -head"
futures are easily recognized during the
day by their deeply rounded refractive
leases and at night by the strong glare
they cast into the eyes of drivers.
Although there's no question that full
-
cutoff streetlights produce the least
amount of glare and minimize light trey
pass (spillover) onto adjacent property,
they are not necessarily roadway engi-
neers' fixtures of choice. "Sag -lens" or
'dmp-dish" tvames with cutoff optics
are now widely used. Their proponents,
particularly the National Electrical Man-
.ufxturers Association, contend that
.using cutoff futures results in fewer
streetlights, and thus less total reflection
off the ground and less light pollution,
than going solely with the flat -lens alter-
native espousedby dark -sky advocates.
Put another way, fullcutoffinstalla-
tions designed to meet current. IF.SNA
targets for light levels, uniformity, and
glare might, in theory, use more electric-
ity than, say, those using cutoff fixtures
that produce more glare and uplight but
whose light distribution ;below horizon-
tal is well controlled. "This is very pow-
erfrd stuff," says Paul Lutkesich, former
head of the IESNNs Roadway Lighting
Committee, and it suggests, thatthecur-
rent classification system could be im-
proved upon. To- that. end, Lutkevich
says, the IESNA has formed a committee
to come up with a new methodofclassi-
fying futures with regard to light tres-
pass,skyglow, and glare. ,
Meanwhile, there's talkthatthe cur- -
.rent illumination standards themselves
need revision: For example, by reducing
Most cities and towns in North America use streetlights with semi -cutoff optical assemblies
(left) that beam some of their light directly up into the sky. When properly installed, full -cutoff
fixtures (right) emit no light above horizontal.
In a typical streetlight installation (top), semi cutoff fixtures create broad cones of light that
permit wide spacing between poles. But such fixtures create harsh glare and send some light
directly into the sky. Full -cutoff fixtures reduce glare dramatically and eliminate direct uplight
by sending all their light toward the ground (o). This efficiency should translate into lower
bulb wattages if the existing poles are used. However, some lighting engineers argue that to
achieve the same illumination uniformity as their semi -cutoff counterparts, full -cutoff fixtures
need to be mounted either on taller poles (b) or closer together Ic). This "glare versus unifor-
mity" tradeoff has become a hotly debated issue.5&T illustration by Gregg Dinderman.
Sky & Telescope December 2002 35
Above: Lighting engineers are exploring the
human eye's small -target visibility (STV) — its
ability to distinguish roadway hazards under
a variety of dimly lit situations. Studies show
that the standard STV target, a flat surfacela
centimeters square with a reflectivity of 50
percent, can be seen under lower illumination
levels than those currently recommended.
glare, roadway designers maybe able to
lower the illuminance levels produced by
their streetlights. Recent research has fo-
cused on, what is termed "small -target
visibility," or STV how well drivers
can spot, and react to, distant objects on
or alongthe roadway -- and the pres-
ence of glare factors heavily in such as-
sessments. Preliminary assessments sug-
gest that pavement doesn't need to be
nearly as bright when STV-based criteria
for visibility are used.
Notably, officials in Calgary, Alberta,
recently found that retrofitting their semi -
cutoff streetlights with fuB-cutoff fix-
tures greatly increased illumination levels
on the ground below — so much so that
they are halving the wattage of the bulbs,
a move that will save $1.4 million annu-
ally in energy costs. City officials add
that the electricity they're saving will re-
duce emissions of carbon dioxide from
coal-buming power plants by more than
300 kilograms per fixture each year.
A growing trend in many towns and
cities is to renovate their main thorough-
fares with decorative lighting that harks
back to the gaslight days of the past. Un-
fortunately, "period" futures that look
attractive by day may be harsh sources of
light at night, all too often blinding pedes-
trians and drivers alike with glary bulbs.
However, many lighting manufacturers
now carry product lines that house the
bulb inside the future's cap or utilize in-
ternal louvers that direct light downward
— thus creating an aesthetic, low -glare
compromise that satisfies both municipal
planners and light -pollution activists.
Below: A sample of recommended lighting levels for various
common applications, as determined by the Illuminating En-
gineering Society of North America.
IESNA Illuminance Recommendations
Parking area, medium vehicular traffic
Parking area, medium pedestrian traffic
Parking area, medium pedestrian security
Road: local, residential, asphalt
Road collector, intermediate, asphalt
Road: expressway, intermediate, asphalt
Road: expressway, intermediate, concrete
Building entrance (active)
Service station, approach
Service station, pomp island
Automobile sales lot, vehide area
Football field, pass lit, 30-50 It between nearest
sideline and farthest now of spectators
(Full Moon)
36 December 2002 1 Sky Is Telescope
1
10
0.6
6
2
20
0.4
4
0.9
9
1.2
12
0.8
8
5-10
50-100
1.5-2
15-20
.5-10 '
50-100
20-50
200-500
30 300
0.01 0.1
n
U
Retail Lighting Wars
While, the design of roadway lighting in-
volves common sense and a scientific ap-
proach, that logic does not generally
apply to retail establishments — espe-
cially those that cater to a late -night
clientele. "A brightness war has broken
out between gas stations throughout
America;' observe Peter R. Boyce (Light-
ing Research Center) and two colleagues
in a recent study. They find that if one
station installs bright lights, competing
stations feel obliged to be brighter still,
and as a consequence illumination levels
of 1,000 lux (100 foot-candles) — more
than double that used in many indoor
offices — have become common.
In this environment, retailers who try
to hold the line by adhering to IESNA
recommended practices perceive them-
selves to be at a competitive disadvan-
tage. That's true, for example, of the
Home Depot, whose stores have parking
lots illuminated at 10 lux (1 foot-candle)
on average. But Lowe's Home Improve-
ment, a rival hardware chain, typically
uses exterior lighting five times brighter
as part of a campaign to make its stores
appear more female friendly.
Lighting engineers now realize that the
false daylight from overlit businesses cre-
ates unanticipated hazards. our eyes
need time to adapt to different levels of
lighting; the more drastic the difference
(or the older the person), the more time
this adaptation takes. When people leave
a brightly lit gas station or fast-food
restaurant, their eyes can't adjust quickly
(Continued on page .38)
Many municipal officials are rushing to replace their streetlights with decorative,
antique -looking fixtures. But 19th -century streetlights were never equipped
with the high -intensity bulbs available today. As a result, most of these "period"
fixtures create extremely harsh light fteff), though full -cutoff designs are
available that tuck the bulb out of direct view (right).
• 0
CMD
Nhos' every industry has its own specialized language
rough which its professionals hope to communicate
precisely and efficiently. Lighting engineers are no ex-
ception. For them, it's important to distinguish between how
much total light shines out of a lamp, how much By Timothy J. POuiSen metric plot to show how much light is hitting
goes in a specific direction, how much falls on the ground and where. Those foot-candles are
some object, and how much is reflected by the object.
The following crash course will help you decipher the basic
jargon of lighting and allow you to speak more precisely to com-
munity leaders and municipal engineers about proper lighting
techniques. To start, you'll need to know the three Ls — light,
lamp, and luminaire. Light is the visible -wavelength energy that
enables you to see. Lamp refers to the bulb or other light -pro-
ducing source. Luminaire is the lighting fixture; it's the combina-
tion of the bulb, socket, reflectors or lenses, ballast, and housing.
The total amount of light emitted by a bulb is its luminous
flux, as measured in units called lumens. Imagine the sphere of
light leaving a bulb; measure the flow of all that light and
you've got the luminous flux. A typical 100 -watt incandescent
bulb puts out roughly 1,800 lumens, while a high -pressure -sodi-
um street lamp of the same wattage emits about 8,550 lumens.
Related to luminous flux is luminous intensity. This metric,
measured in candelas (cd), is the intensity of a light source in a
particular direction. A candela is equivalent to one lumen emit-
ted within a solid angle known as a steradian. (There are 4n, or
12.57, steradians in a sphere.) You could think of a cone of light
shining in a particular direction when considering luminous in-
tensity.
Illuminance, the amount of light that actually falls on an ob-
ject, is intimately related to luminous intensity. Picture that light
cone of luminous intensity; more light per unit area will fall on
an object that's close to the luminaire than on an object far
away. Illuminance is the density of light on a surface, and it is
measured in units of lumens per square meter (lux, abbreviated
Ix) or lumens per square foot (foot-candles, abbreviated fc). As-
suming that a 100 -watt incandescent bulb radiates its light
equally in all directions, a flat, bulb -facing surface 3 meters (10
feet) away receives an illuminance of about 15 Ix, or 11/2 fc.
The light that your eyes see — that is, light reflected by a sur-
face or transmitted through it in the direction of an observer —
is luminance. This is how bright a tree, roadway, or other object
appears to you. However, luminance is not equivalent to bright-
ness, which is a subjective estimate. Lumi-
nance is a measured or calculated quanti-
ty, expressed either in candelas per square
meter or candelas per square foot. Lumi-
nance is directly related to illuminance,
with the object's reflectivity (or transmis-
sivity) factored in.
Lighting science is rather complex, and
$:dozens of other terms exist, but the ones
presented here are fundamental. Each concept, and its associat-
ed unit of measurement, is important in its particular context.
Lamps are rated in lumens, the measure of their total light out-
put. Lines of equal lux (or foot-candles) are drawn on a photo -
only part of the picture, however; the reflectivity of the objects
being illuminated must also be considered.
Further Information
For authoritative and technical definitions of all these concepts,
see the IESNA publication Lighting Metrics (TM -1-94,$15), avail-
able for download at www.iesna.org.
Information Sheets 9 and 99 from the International Dark -Sky
Association (www.darksky.org) also discuss lighting terminology
and units.
The IDA's Web page"Good Lighting Fixtures and Where to Get
Them" (www.darksky.org/fixtures/manuf.htmi) describes more
than 140 well -designed commercial and residential fixtures.
Lighting designer Cliff Haas maintains the Light Pollution
Awareness Website (members.aol.com/ctstarwchr/), an excellent
source of general information and news about recent efforts to
control light pollution.
"Good -Neighbor Outdoor Lighting," a two -page guide pre-
pared by Sky & Telescope and the New England Light -Pollution
Advisory Group, is available for download at Skyand-felescope
.com/resources/daTksky/articie_85_1.asp.
Tim Poutsua, a technical writer by day and editor of the IDA Newsletter
by night, maintains a Web site called Sensible and Efficient Lighting to
Enhance the Nighttime Environment (www.selene-ny.org).
Right: One candela is the inten-
sity of light created by a single
candle. That source, placed at the
center of a black sphere, creates a
illuminance of 1 lux at a radius of
meter (or 1 foot-candle if the radius is 1 foot).
The amount of light escaping from a one -radius -wide
square equals 1 lumen, or 12.57 lumens for the entire
sphere. S&T illustration by Gregg Dinderman.
Sphere radius:
1 foot (or 1 meter)
Illuminance
at window:
t foot-candle
(or 1 lux)
ldow area:
luarefoot
for 1 square meter)
Sky & Telescope I December 2002 37
A recent study found that when the lighting under a service -station canopy was switched from high -glare fixtures (left) to those with full -cutoff
optics (right), the percentage of drivers turning into the station — and the volume of gasoline sold daily — increased immediately. This suggests
that drivers find good -quality lighting more appealing. Copyright 2002 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; courtesy Lighting Research Center.
(Continued from page 36)
to the sudden darkness out on the street
— and they sometimes forget to turn on
their vehicle headlights.
In many cases, the brilliant floodlights
used to illuminate commercial buildings
and parking lots cast their light at such
shallow angles that the visual grief from
glare may outweigh the potential benefits
of illumination. Worst among these are
the so-called wallpacks, inexpensive box-
like fixtures on building exteriors that
shine most of their light sideways instead
of down.
Unfortunately, the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001, have only fueled the
desire for more security lighting. Yet a
study recently conducted for the California
Energy Commission found that lighting
levels have no correlation with a person's
perception of safety. In fact, the energy
crisis that brought California to the brink
of financial chaos in 2001 has served as a
wake-up call to state officials and busi-
nesses alike. Spurred by a gubernatorial
decree, retail lighting was put under cur-
few. Many business owners found them-
selves saving significant sums of money
when their existing dusk -to -dawn securi-
ty lights were equipped with timers or
replaced with motion -sensing fixtures.
Future Prospects
There is hope yet for starry skies. To date
eight states (most recently Massachusetts)
have passed laws that restrict outdoor
lighting. A growing number of local ordi-
nances have also been approved, though
they vary widely in scope. Some require
only that new or replacement municipal-
ly owned fixtures be full cutoff, others
prohibit inefficient mercury-vapor lamps
or mandate that all businesses and public
buildings turn off unnecessary lighting
after 11 p.m. unless they are open to the
public. Stricter regulations occur in areas
In many regions, local utility companies install floodlights on their poles to illuminate busi-
nesses or parking lots. But these fixtures are almost always unshielded (left), creating strong
sprays of light with little directional control. In many cases, however, shields exist for the in-
stalled fixture (right) and can be requested Courtesy J. Kelly Beatty.
such as Arizona and Southern California,
where there are many astronomical ob-
servatories. Some local regulations even
apply to residential lighting.
Manufacturers and retailers are begin-
ning to recognize the trend in lighting
legislation, because in many locales
stores must now carry only approved fix -
lures. New commercial developments
now frequently employ full -cutoff light-
ing for parking lots — and some employ
late -night timers — in an effort to keep
their energy costs in check.
The overarching problem, explains en-
gineer Benya, is that there are an estimat-
ed 10,000 lighting laws in the U.S., which
range from "excellent to disaster," and
these existing lighting laws are often chal-
lenging to enforce. Moreover, there is no
universal set of manufacturing specifica-
tions for lighting fixtures. The goal, he
says, is to come up with standards, akin
to the national codes followed by elec-
trical contractors, that place limits on il-
lumination levels, control levels of glare,
and are backed by a common set of sci-
entific standards. One idea gaining ac-
ceptance is the concept of tailoring
lighting levels locally to one of four envi-
ronmental zones ranging from "intrinsi-
cally dark" to "urban:' A single set of reg-
ulations is needed, Kenya maintains,
because "99 percent of the lighting that's
now installed isn't designed — it just
happens." 5
Former editorial intern RACrtrL TnesSIN
(rtheminFcaltech.edu) has a new party trick:
identifying the manufacturer of every street-
light she sees. Executive editor J. KELLY BeAnv
hasp r yet been able to stump her.
38 December 2002 1 Sky&Telescope
• •
EXHIBIT "A"
To be inserted at Chapter 151: Definitions, Unified Development Ordinance:
DEFINITIONS.
1.
Lamp
or Bulb (Outdoor
Lighting)
means the light producing source
installed
in the
socket portion of a
luminaire.
2. Lunrinaire or Fixture (Outdoor Lighting) means a complete lighting unit
including the lamps or bulbs, together with the parts required to distribute the
light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the p w
supply.
Afielding (Outdoor Lighting) means that no part of the lamp or bulb is
v' le below the horizontal plane of the fixture where light is emitted. The
lamp or bulb shall be completely enclosed within the fixture. The top and
sides of the fixture above the horizontal plane shall be 100% opaque.
7. Accent Lighting (Outdoor Lighting) means any directional lighting
which emphasizes a particular object or draws attention to a particular area.
8. Spotlight or Floodlight (Outdoor Lighting) means any lamp that
incorporates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a
directed beam in a particular direction.
Exhibit "B"
Chapter 176
Outdoor Lighting
§176.01 PURPOSE. This chapter is
intended to:
A. Protect the privacy of property
owners by limiting the potential for glare
and light trespass from outdoor lighting
fixtures located on adjacent properties;
B. Protect drivers, pedestrians,
senior citizens, and the visually impaired
from the glare of non -vehicular light
sources that can impair safe travel;
C. Promote efficient and cost
effective lighting;
D. Allow for flexibility in the style
of light fixtures;
E. Reduce
All
I
prilvat and public
ffective date of
s all comply. This
shall not apply to single or
residential dwellings.
B. All outdoor lighting fixtures
existing and legally installed and
operative before the effective date of
this ordinance are exempt from these
requirements.
C. When an existing fixture is
replaced, the replacement fixture
shall meet the requirements of this
article.
D. Compliance with this ordinance
shall be administered by the City of
Fayetteville Planning Department.
E. In the event of a conflict with
any other section of this article, the
more stringent requirement shall
apply.
§176.03 EXEMPTIONS.
The following are exempt from the
provisions of this ordinance:
A. Single and two-family
uses.
109
C.
decorat[pnsg' with
in place no longer than
F. Other special situations approved
by the City for temporary or periodic
events (i.e. parades, festivals, etc.)
G. Security lights of any wattage that
are controlled by a motion -sensor switch
and which do not remain on longer than
12 minutes after activation.
H. Flags displaying national, state, or
local governmental bodies. Flags
advertising businesses are not exempt
from the provisions of this ordinance.
1. Fossil fuel lighting.
Exhibit "B"
J. Spotlighting on landscaping and
foliage utilizing incandescent lamps or
A. Outdoor lighting shall be hooded,
bulbs of not more than 150 watts.
shielded, and aimed downward.
Examples of acceptable and
unacceptable light pollution
§176.04 SUBMITTALS.
control shielding and hooding are
shown in exhibit B. attached
A. Applications for building permits
herein.
or applications for review by the
Planning Commission which include
B. The hood or shield shall mask the
the installation of outdoor lighting
direct horizontal surface of the
fixtures for new construction, shall
light source. The light shall be
provide evidence of compliance with
aimed to insure that the
the requirements of this ordinance.
illumination is only pointing
The submittal shall contain the
downward onto the grid
following information and shall be
surface. With HE)
submitted as part of the site plan to
pexnitte
tethe
Planning Department.
WU
�;. ` - ( _�
B. 1) Plans indicating the location, C.
type, and height of the luminaire
including both building and ground t" ,
mounted fixtures;
#a`
met dw ps, les / other ; ^ oc�,_thp. fixture
s s to m devices, al be eensidered —non
ich may ro ii as atalogu �{
ustrations o t an a rer
D. Existing fixtures may be adapted
3) Phot etric d such as that to comply with this ordinance by
mished y t manufacturer, adding a properly designed hood
s owin a angle of light emission; or shield, or by pointing any
upward -mounted, shielded
fixture downward onto the
4) Any additional information as ground surface.
may be required by the City Planning
Department in order to determine E. All outdoor lighting fixtures shall
compliance with this Ordinance. be designed, installed, located
and maintained such that all
§176.05 GENERAL STANDARDS direct illumination is kept within
the boundaries of the fixture
The following standards shall apply owners property,
to all outdoor lighting installed after
the effective date of this ordinance, F. This section may be enforced on
which is not exempted above: the basis of a formal complaint
•
Exhibit "B"
filed in with the Planning
Department.
G. Accent lighting, when so
approved, shall be directed
downward onto the building or
object and not toward the sky or
onto adjacent properties.
I. Sports Field Lighting shall be
designed in accordance with
the IESNA standards located
in IESNA RP 6-01 "Sports and
Recreational Area Lighting".
From: Clarice Pearman
To: Conklin, Tim; Pate, Jeremy
Date: 6/24/05 1:21 PM
Subject: Ord. 4714
Attached is a copy of the ordinance passed by City Council, June 21, 2005 amending 156.03 regarding
outdoor lighting.
Thanks.
Clarice
In I
'its I
"NorthwestArkaasas'Most Wider Read Newspaperr"
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
I, Erin Emis. do solemnly swear that I am the Legal Clerk of the Arkansas
Democrat-Gazette/Northwest Arkansas Times newspaper, printed and
published in Lowell, Arkansas, and that from my own personal knowledge
and, reference to the files' jof said publication, that advertisement of:
was inserted in the regular editions on
PO#.
** Publication Charge: $ Uylp, `/0
Subscribed and sworn to before me this
aday chi 2005.
Notary Public harlene D. Williams
Notary Public
State of Arkansas
My Commission Expires: My commission Expires
October 18, 2014
** Please do not pay from Affidavit.
An invoice will be sent.
RECEIVED
JUL 0% 205
CTY OF FAYETTEVILLE
ITY CLERK' OFFICE
P.O. BOX 1607 • 212 N. EAST AVENUE • FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS 72701 • 479-571-6470
Ye evl le
ARKANSAS
ORDINANCE NO. 4714
ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE W. UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT CODE, OF THE CODE OF FAYEf-
ALLE, TO PROVIDE FOR THE REGULATION OF OUTDOOR UGHpNG INSTALLATIONS.
I@Rll unnecessary" improperly designed light futures clause glare, light pollution, and wasted
nrces: and,
IEREAS, glare ant light pollution can resuft h: hlezadas cacutabon condelcrs W all nodes of ftehs-
Mom; the djjMM9 Mg notify to view the night sky: light asspess into residential neighborhoods: and
I[eagm tomme spe: and.
E NUU91 the City of Fayetteville desires to protect the health, safety ant warfare of the general pub -
and to protect the night sky Met adds to the quality of his of the city.
NI, THEREFORE, BE R ONDAINBD BT THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CRY OF FAYET-
VD.LE. ARKANSAS:
RECEIVED
JUL 0.5 2805
CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE
CITY CLERK'S OFFICE
Chapter 176
Outdoor LWTUM
917411 PURPOSES. This chapter Is Intended to:
A. Protect the privacy of property owners by limi ing the potential for glans end fight
lighting Mum located on adjacent properties:
B. Protect driers, pedestrians, senior citizens, and the vsusty Impeiretl from the
light sources that can Impair safe travel;
C. Promote efficient and cost effective lighting;
D. Alow for filyrMltty In Me We of light Mums;
E. Reduce atmospheric light Pollution.
9176.02 APPLICABILITY.
A. All outdoor lighting futures Installed on prNate and public property after the effective date of this
rice shall comply. The ordinerae shell rot apply to single or two fortify residential dwalurgs.
B. Al outdoor fighting fixtures existing end legally Installed and cpaetive before the effe ft a date of
Ordinance she exempt from these rasOmments unless they are determined to create a dlsabl r g gla
defined by this ordinance
C. When an existing fixture Is replaced. the replacanatt Mural shall meet the requirements of INS ar
D. Compliatce with this ordinance shat be administered by the City of Fayeteviso Planning Departn
E. In Me event of a conflict Min any other section of this article, vie more sbingem requirement shall e
Chapter 151: Definitions, Unified Daebpmart Ordinance. Code of Fayetteville is hereby 176.09 SEER PTIONB.
anlrlg Exhibit 'A' attached hereto and mares a pad hereof. The following am exempt from the Provisions Of RNs ordlhnce:
Section 156.03(C). Unified DevOopmern Ordinance. Code of Fayetteville is hereby amend -
DEVELOPMENT.
ComMar4Oon By The Planning l:emmledmr.
Urtdw NWMriR So Mot substentia )ustloa ^sty De demo ad Ifs public Imerest secured, a tlevel-
er may caftan Me Planning Canmisslon for a variance Mom Me requlrememe of Chapter 176: Outdoor
Ming, by showing g Met their Shia appucatb^ wood cause undue hardshlP as IMPted to [rte proposed
vebpment provided that Such variance shell rot have the effect Of r"VYing Me Intent ant purpose of
lone. In granting variances, the Plarrwig CcmmLsslon nay Impose such conditions as MI. in
n, secure substaMally the objectives of the requirements so varied.
That Title W. United Development Code, Code of Fayetteville, Is hereby amendeo by Inserting
r6: Outdoor Ughting, a copy of vMch marked @#Ilbit -B- is attached hereto and made a part
That This W. United Development Code, Code of Fayetteville, is hereby amended by Inserting
Jghting Fixture Examples; a copy Of which marked 6dlloll'C- Is attached hereto and made a
Ali APPROVED this 21st day of June, 2005.
EYHBF A
be Ineelle6 At Chapter 1011 DeEnli arts, UnMed Deeelepmmt Oruro l
or Sub (Outdoor Lighting) means Me light producing source Mstalerl In the socks portion of e
she or FUturs (out" Ughdrlg) Mans a complete lighting unit Including the lamps or bulbs,
with Me pans required to debibute the light, to position anal Protect the lamps, and to connect
s to the power supply.
3oBUt on )Outdoor Ughting) means general sky glow mused by the scattering of artificial IIgM In
adhere and resulting In decreased ability to see the natural night sky.
(Outdoor Lighting) means the brightness of a light sauce Met causes eye discomfort.
Ing (Outdoor Lghtirg) mesh that no plait of Me lamp or Who Is visible Wow, the horbonta plane
vie where lots is ernmed. The lamp or bulb shall be completely enclosed within the Mum. The
A. Single and two-family residential uses.
B. Streetlights.
C. Navigation lights to. airports. heliports, mdbhelaAsbn towers).
D. Seasonal decorations with individual lights In place no longer than 60 days.
E. Other spacial situations approved by ffe City far temporary or periodic events (I.e. Paredes, fesiNas,
etc.)
F. Security lights of any wattage that are controlled by emotion -sensor switch end which do not remain
on longer then 12 minutes attar activation.
G. Flags displaying national, stl or local governmental bodies. Rags advertetg businesses are not
exempt Man the provision of this ordinance.
H. Decorative street Ilghtirg located within the Downtown Master Plan boundary.
I. FosSl fuel lighting.
J. Spotlighting cn landscaping and foliage Mitaing incandescent lamps or bulbs of not more than 150
watts.
9170.04 SUBMITTALS.
A. Applications for building permits or applicators for review by the Planning CamYsslon which Include
the InswItinfon of outdoor lighting faalres for new WnetmRinn, shall provide BVlderlc9 of compliance with
the moulmments of the OmMI ice. The submittal shell condein the following Information and shall be sub-
mitted as pat of the site plan to Me Planning Department.
B. 1) Plane indicating the location, type. and height of the lumi OIns Including both building and ground
mamted Mums:
2) A downpidon of the luminare. Including lamps, cams or other supports and shielding devices, whlth
may be provided u cetalogue Illustrations from the manufacturer;
3) Photometric data, such as that furnished by Me manufacturer; and
4) Any aodnanai Information as may be required by Me City Planning Department In order to determine
compliance with this Ordinance.
9170.00 OEMMIAL STANDARDS
The follawing standards shall apply to all outdoor lighting Installed after Me effect" data of this ordinance,
which is not exempted above:
A. Outdoor lighting shell be hooded. shaded, and almed dovmvad. Examples of acceptable and unac-
ceptable light pollution c ntmd shielding and hooding are shown in wsh blt -C,' attached herein.
S. The hood a shieid shat mask the direct horizontal surface of the fight Source. The light shat be aimed
to Insure that the 0umsstion Is ony painting downward onto Me ground Surface.
C. Existing filtaes may be adapted to campy with this o dinence by adding a properly designed hood a
shlSda by poi any upward-mcuMad, shielded Mum downward onto the Dou*d surface.
D. All outdoor lighting Mums shall be designed. Instated, located and maintained such Met at direct tlu-
miratlon is kept within the boundaries of the fixture owner§ property.
E. This section may be enforced on the basis of a forma complaint filed In with the Planning Department
F. Accent lighting, when so approved, Snail be directed downward onto the building or object and nol
toward the sky or onto adjacent properties.
G. Sports Relit Ughttlg shell ce designed In accedence with IESNA standards located In IESNA RP 6.01
'Sports arm Recreational Area Ughting.'
his plane shat be 100% opaque' Exhibit C can be viewed at the Office of the City clerk during normal business hours.
any directional lighting which emphasizes a PanlotAar object
answer area.
(Outdoor Lighting) mauls soy lamp Met incog omon; a reflector a a refractO
BY RACHEL THESSIN AND J. KELLY BEATTY