45-17 RESOLUTIONF.vtyy
113 West Mountain Street
Fayetteville, AR 72701
(479) 575-8323
Resolution: 45-17
File Number: 2017-0033
2017 ENERGY ACTION PLAN:
A RESOLUTION TO EXPRESS THE CITY COUNCIL'S SUPPORT FOR THE STUDY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENERGY ACTION PLAN IN 2017
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS:
Section 1: That the City Council of the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas hereby expresses its support for the
study and development of an Energy Action Plan in 2017.
PASSED and APPROVED on 2/7/2017
Attest:
Sondra E. Smith, City Clerk Tr
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Page 1 Printed on 2/8/17
City of Fayetteville, Arkansas 113 West Mountain Street
Fayetteville, AR 72701
�t (479) 575-8323
Text File
File Number: 2017-0033
Agenda Date: 2/7/2017 Version: 1 Status: Passed
In Control: City Council Meeting File Type: Resolution
Agenda Number: C. 2
2017 ENERGY ACTION PLAN:
A RESOLUTION TO EXPRESS THE CITY COUNCIL'S SUPPORT FOR THE STUDY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENERGY ACTION PLAN IN 2017
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FAYETTEVILLE,
ARKANSAS:
Section 1: That the City Council of the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas hereby expresses its support for
the study and development of an Energy Action Plan in 2017.
City of Fayetteville, Arkansas Page 1 Printed on 2/8/2017
Leif Olson
Submitted By
City of Fayetteville Staff Review Form
2017-0033
Legistar File ID
2/7/2017
City Council Meeting Date - Agenda Item Only
N/A for Non -Agenda Item
1/18/2017
Submitted Date
Action Recommendation:
Sustainability & Resilience /
Chief of Staff
Division / Department
Staff requests City Council support for the study and development of an Energy Action Plan in 2017.
Budget Impact:
Account Number Fund
Project Number Project Title
Budgeted Item? NA Current Budget $
Funds Obligated $
Current Balance
Does item have a cost? NA Item Cost
Budget Adjustment Attached? NA Budget Adjustment
Remaining Budget
V20140710
Previous Ordinance or Resolution #
Original Contract Number: Approval Date:
Comments:
CITY OF
Fay —V1 I e
ARKANSAS
MEETING OF FEBRUARY 7, 2017
TO: Mayor and City Council
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA MEMO
THRU: Don Marr, Chief of Staff
Peter Nierengarten, Sustainability and Parking Director
FROM: Leif Olson, Associate Planner
DATE: January 13, 2017
SUBJECT: Energy Action Plan
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff requests City Council support for the study and development of an Energy Action Plan in
2017.
BACKGROUND:
Most of the energy currently consumed in Fayetteville for transportation and to power buildings
is generated through the burning of fossil fuels. Energy efficiency and alternative energy -
investments represent an opportunity to reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels while creating
additional economic opportunities for Fayetteville.
The design and construction of new green buildings and energy efficient retrofits of existing
building can create many new jobs in the architecture, engineering and construction fields. At
the same time, energy savings from green buildings will translate into lower overhead energy
costs for residents and businesses. Investments in active and alternative transportation modes
can reduce vehicular congestion, gasoline usage and air pollution.
Results of the recently completed Community Perception Survey indicate that 78% of
Fayetteville residents either agree or strongly agree that the City of Fayetteville should prioritize
renewable energy and energy efficiency policies and programs. Additionally, 62% of residents
agree or strongly agree that the City of Fayetteville should prioritize climate change
preparedness.
DISCUSSION:
Fayetteville achieved the status of a 3 star community by the Sustainable Tools for Rating and
Accessing Communities (STAR). The STAR rating system evaluation measures collectively
define community scale sustainability, and present a vision of how communities can become
more healthy, inclusive and prosperous across seven goal areas. The STAR goals and
objectives allow local governments and their communities to more effectively strategize and
prioritize their sustainability planning efforts.
Mailing Address:
113 W. Mountain Street www.fayetteville-ar.gov
Fayetteville, AR 72701
One of the seven goal areas in STAR is titled "Climate and Energy" and it provides a framework
for communities to develop an energy action plan that reduces climate impacts and increases
resource efficiency in order to create safer, healthier, and more resilient communities.
Objectives under this goal are focused on incremental increases in resource efficiency. These
objectives provide an outline of outcomes and actions utilized to develop an energy action plan,
including:
• CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation. Achieve greenhouse gas emissions reductions
throughout the community.
• CE -3: Greening the Energy Supply. Transition the local energy supply for both
transportation and non-mobile sources toward renewable, less carbon -intensive, and
less toxic alternatives.
• CE -4: Energy Efficiency. Minimize energy use and demand in the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors as a means to increase energy efficiency in the
community.
• CE -6: Local Government Greenhouse Gas and Resource Footprint. Lead by example by
reducing local government greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing energy and water
use in local government facilities and specified local infrastructure.
Sustainability Department staff propose to work across all departments and divisions of the
City and throughout the community to develop an energy action plan that addresses energy
conservation, efficiency and renewable forms of energy for transportation and buildings. Staff
will utilize the STAR framework to identify policies, programs and projects that advance the
City's energy conservation and efficiency goals.
BUDGET/STAFF IMPACT:
The Sustainability and Resilience Department anticipates utilizing existing staff resources to
complete this project during 2017.
Attachments:
STAR Technical Guide: Climate and Energy Section
Reduce dimate impacts through adaptation and mgation efforts forts and increase resource e f dency
The 7 objectives in STAR's Climate & Energy Goal Area aim to reduce climate impacts and increase resource
efficiency in order to create safer, healthier, and more resilient communities. CE -1: Climate Adaptation and
CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation are critical to achieving reductions in harmful climate impacts and
promoting resource savings through decreased energy, water, and materials use.
Most of the objectives in Climate & Energy focus on achieving incremental increases in resource efficiency.
CE -4: Energy Efficiency and CE -5: Water Efficiency encourage communities to reduce energy use over time
in buildings and water consumption per capita. CE -6: Local Government GHG & Resource Efficiency offers
local governments an opportunity to describe how their internal efforts demonstrate their leadership in this
Goal Area. CE -3: Greening the Energy Supply complements the other objectives in the Goal Area by
addressing the alternative energy sources forthe transportation and the community's electrical power supply.
Finally, through its ambitious waste reduction targets, CE -7: Waste Minimization rewards communities for
efforts to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -Climate & Energy
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CE -I
Climate Adaptation: Strengthen the resilience of communities to
15
climate change impacts on built, natural, economic, health, and social systems
CE -2
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Achieve greenhouse gas emissions
15
reductions throughout the community
Greening the Energy Supply: Transition the local energy supply for
CE -3
both transportation and non-mobile sources toward the use of renewable,
15
less carbon -intensive, and less toxic alternatives
Energy Efficiency: Minimize energy use and demand in the residential,
CE -4
commercial, and industrial sectors as a means to increase energy efficiency
15
in the community
CE -5
Water Efficiency: Minimize water use and demand as a means to
10
conserve water in the community
Local Government GHG & Resource Efficiency: Lead by
CE -6
example by reducing local government greenhouse gas emissions and
I5
minimizing energy and water use in local government facilities and specified
local infrastructure
CE -7
Waste Minimization: Reduce and reuse material waste produced in
I5
the community
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -Climate & Energy
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CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
15 available points
Achieve greenhouse gas emissions reductions throughout the community
EVALUATION ION MEASURES
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) absorb infrared radiation produced
by the sun and trap heat in the atmosphere. There are 6 types
of greenhouse gases: water vapor (H20), carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N,O), ozone (03), and
fluorinated gases. A balance between the sources, or emissions
of GHGs from human activities and natural systems, and sinks,
or processes that remove GHGs by chemical conversion,
determines the concentration of these gases in the
atmosphere, High concentrations over time lead to increases
in global temperature that alter the Earth's climate patterns.
This is known as the greenhouse effect.
According to the f:''. the Earth's average temperature has
risen by 1.5°F over the past century and is projected to rise
another 0.5 to 8.6°F over the next hundred years. The GHGs
most closely associated with human activities are carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.
Global warming and the greenhouse effect
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It is that carbon dioxide makes up over 80% of the total GHGs emitted in the U.S. The main
sources of GHG emissions are combustion of fossil fuels, agricultural and industrial practices, and decay of
organic waste. Sinks include natural processes, such as trees that absorb carbon dioxide and methane -
consuming bacteria, and engineered solutions, such as geological storage and reforestation.
The ; identifies GHG emission sources by 6 main sectors:
• stationary energy, such as that from buildings and manufacturing;
+ transportation, including on -road, railways, and aviation;
• waste;
• industrial processes and product use;
• agriculture, forestry, and other land use; and
* other emissions occurring outside the jurisdiction, but as a result of its activities.
Greenhouse gas emissions are a global issue as the concentration or mix of these gases are evenly distributed
throughout the Earth's atmosphere. However, local governments can impact the sources and sinks within
their jurisdictions. Actions to expand alternative modes of transportation, improve energy efficiency,
eliminate waste, and increase vegetation lead to a reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and will
also provide other benefits to the community.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Applicants submitting for this objective must consider communitywide GHG emissions. For local
government -based GHG emissions, see CE -6: Local Government GHG and Resource Footprint.
Community Level Outcomes
100% of points available through Outcomes
Demonstrate incremental progress towards achieving a 28"x; reduction by 2025 and/or ;in 80
w: ,r t.io? by 20.50 in communitywide greaenhouse, gas GHG emissions �r t.ivxl �;, e;;;`i;:. aovaikible
The Kyoto Protocol development process established the long-term target of reducing by 80% the GHG
emissions of all industrialized countries by 2050. Although the U.S. was not a participant in the Kyoto Protocol,
over 1,000 mayors across the U.S. were signatories to the U.S! Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection
Agreement, committing to meet or exceed the Kyoto targets. While a potentially more aggressive target, its
long term nature did not lead to the immediate actions necessary to reduce GHG emissions.
In 2015, leaders and delegates from 195 world nations -formulated a global agreement on the reduction of
climate change at the 2015 Paris Climate Conference. The final agreement outlines various measures that
need to be implemented to limit the rise in average global temperature to well below 2°C, ideally at below
1.5°C. At the summit, the C, to reducing its greenhouse gas emission by up.to 28% below
2005 levels by 2025.
Therefore, STAR adopts a dual target of 28% reduction below 2005 levels by 2025 and 80% below 2000
levels by 2050. Communities that can demonstrate incremental progress toward I or both ofthesetargets
will receive credit. Ideally, the data collection interval for greenhouse gas inventories should be between I
and 5 years. The closer to the target year that the baseline year is, the greater percent of reductions the
applicant will need to demonstrate, as shown in the table below:
Baseline
Year
Years to
2025
Reduction
per year
Years to Reduction per
2050 year
50 1 1.60%
2000
25
1.12%
2005
20
1.40%
45
1.78%
2010
15
1.87%
40
2.00%
For this outcome, applicants are required to assess communitywide GHG emissions. There are several
methods to assess local government GHG emissions; STAR recommends either the
or the more U.S. tailored version called the
Z
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
If using the GPC, the applicant must report at a minimum those sources contained within the "Basic''
reporting framework. If using USCP, the applicant must report at a minimum the ''5 Basic Emissions
Generating Activities'' that are common to all communities.
The minimum standards from each protocol are nearly identical. The primary differences are that the USCP
does not require cross -boundary sources, such as transportation, to be separated by jurisdictional boundary.
However, it does require an assessment of energy used in the delivery of potable water.
Bonus credit is available for reporting on non -required emission sources, such as upstream emissions
associated with use of fuels and materials or a full consumption -based inventory.
Applicants may receive partial credit for reductions that are not directly on track to achieve the target
reduction. See Points Appendix for information regarding points awarded for partial credit.
For verification, provide the most recent measure of communitywide greenhouse gas emissions and upload
a completed STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet demonstrating that the thresholds have been met.
Note that the methodology for this outcome is similar to CE -6: Local Government GHG & Resource
Footprint, Outcome I: Local Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions. However, this outcome requires
assessment of communitywide sources rather than local government.
Local Actions
70% of points available through Actions
con"'urt s3 (11 {r-, 1t7+,':'iil.�jl y ,ot It'.:~f. ti 1 l., S 1!
Regular tracking of GHG emissions via a recognized protocol is important for demonstrating progress. Most
communities that conduct inventories analyze their status in 1, 3, or 5 -year increments and include required
emissions as described in the GPC and USCP protocols. More advanced efforts also include additional
emissions, such as waste -related sources and are verified by a third -party to ensure data is complete, credible,
and accurate.
For credit, the applicant must demonstrate that a communitywide GHG inventory has been conducted at
least every 5 years and includes'at least GPC's ''Basic'' reporting requirements or USPC's ''5 Basic Emissions
Generating Activities." Note if inventory includes additional emissions and/or was verified by a third -party.
For verification, provide the title; year published; a link to or copy of the study; and a brief description of
how the intent of this action is met.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Action 2$
Adopt a clini to a t r n <O n rlesigned to reduce GHQ= .,in'Ei - i ns dh,rouglmut the juri`%dick;}on
A climate action plan establishes the community's strategies and recommendations to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. Examples of local climate action plans by state are available on the EPA's S'a;— an,J race'
For credit, the climate action plan must address communitywide impacts, not just local government
operations. Broader plans, such as a sustainability plan or general plan, may be acceptable provided that they
specifically address GHG emissions and mitigation strategies at the community scale.
For verification, provide the plan title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the plan; and a brief description of
how the intent of this action is met.
Act 3. -
Establish a local '�'dc (:tii IG emissions target to be used w; g vidance for N- ader local
g overnmeni: planning prone; s and decision-unaking.
This action calls for communities to establish a local target for GHG emissions reductions by code, ordinance,
or executive order, and demonstrate its broad application to communitywide planning, projects, and
programs.
Local governments are taking action by adopting policies and regulations to reduce GHG emissions. In 2014,
the '::: , ;: was launched at the United Nations Climate Summit. It is the world's largest coalition
of city leaders addressing climate change by making pledges to reduce their GHG emissions, track progress,
and prepare for the impacts of climate change. Participating communities are asked to make a formal
commitment, conduct an ,inventory of local emissions, establish a target for reduction, develop an
implementation plan, and track progress.
In the United States, 124 communities have made the commitment to participate in the Compact of Mayors.
STAR applicants are encouraged, but not required, to be participants in the Compact of Mayors.
For verification, provide the title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the policy or code; and a brief
description of how the intent of this action is met.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -1: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Action
Create an education and outreach campaign to engage residents and businesses in GHG
reduction efforts
GHG and climate policies require broad public support to be most effective. Raising local awareness,
providing educational resources, and inspiring action through leadership are all ways to engage the
community.
For example, Fort Collins, CO educates local businesses about GHG and climate impacts through the free,
voluntary :,:; program.
For credit, education and outreach activities must directly reference detailed GHG mitigation strategies, not
J ust energy efficiency or renewable energy.
For verification, provide a brief description of -how your education and outreach campaign meets the intent
of this action. Submittal must include a series of efforts designed to inform the public about the issue. If
applicable, provide a link to or upload supporting materials.
Action 5-
S "i a elliY".it t .€='%..'Q: V ;<' FXgroup co e gzif�e ela€ v._rse- community sta1�.,Ji,a.,�.,
ui' don F,"A a.tegies
To reach GHG reduction and climate action goals, local governments are engaging diverse stakeholders in
the decision-making process. Appointing representatives from universities, businesses, targeted industries,
utilities, state and regional government, and nonprofit organizations help to build strategic partnerships and
leverage broad support for local efforts.
For example, Tucson, AZ's Mayor and Council formally established a
by ordinance in 2008. Broward County, FL adopted a resolution establishing their
in 2008.
For verification, provide the name of the group; year established; a link to or documentation of their work;
and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met. Partnerships and Collaboration must be
active at the time of submittal and be issue -focused, not special project -based.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -2s Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
1-�.C4:i[s3ll Vii;
Analyze disprf €izc=, ;;1 7y ate and ldnintt')'iCled consequences
onsC'C4uen tT <.dviti ,,� 's,nlonr tat
a'tivivies tEi z r- group3 that, ave noosr� likely to be ne I4lfi szi. Ute
Some of the more popular actions to mitigate communitywide GHG emissions relate to increasing energy
efficiency, investing in renewable energy, or purchasing an alternative fuel vehicle. However, these types of
actions may not be affordable to all homeowners or not accessible to renters. Low income and/or fixed
income households, including families and the elderly, often face high energy bills in proportion to their
income and the prospect of defaulting on utility bills. Evaluatingthe impact of initiatives or activities on diverse
populations can improve program delivery and participation rates.
For verification, provide the name of the practice improvement; a link to or copy of the annual report, if
applicable; and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
Action :
CreALI irICOrILIVcS to irriprove. ripportun i ties for R,olibutcd gcne's'ar.ir_ri c. i •._.i&oable .ericrgy
sour ccls
Distributed generation refers to power generation at the point of consumption, Generating power on or
near the site, rather than centrally, eliminates the cost, complexity, and inefficiencies associated with energy
transmission and distribution.
Types of distributed generation technologies are generally site-specific or contained within a district.
Examples include wind turbines (single or array), geothermal, photovoltaic panels (single or array), or
combined heat power (CHP) plants.
Some common incentives that can be offered to consumers include:
• streamlined or expedited permitting procedures;
waived permit fees;
• identification of approved installers;
• creation of a rebate or educate community members of the existing statewide incentives; and/or
• creation of tax credit systems to incentivize low carbon infrastructure.
For verification, provide the name of the enforcement or incentive; the year created; a link to or copy of the
incentives) and/or enforcement(s); and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Action
Implement actions identified in a clirnate action plan that rare intended. co transition the community
towards the use of alternatives rnodes of transportation rld Ic`w. ,,, nnod sions vehicles
For credit, the applicant must have an adopted climate action plan (Action 2) that specifies actions related
to alternative modes of transportation and low -emissions vehicles. At least 2 actions must have been
implemented within the past 3 years or, if more than 3 years ago, the action must be ongoing. For example,
a public bike share program that was started 10 years ago must still be in operation for credit. In addition,
actions cannot be in a planning phase.
For verification, provide the program name; year created; and a brief description of how the intent of this
action is met.
Action g
S .. _)d se,,"'.
Implement specific; pr<._ gnir is and services tai create, <acilic r'l" at t"educ(-- asLe in the
C:C?I)lmu ity
For credit, the applicant must have an adopted climate action plan (Action 2) that specifies actions related
to reducing waste in the community, At least 2 actions must have been implemented within the past 3 years
or, if more than 3 years ago, the action must be ongoing. For example, a curbside recycling program that
was started 5 years ago must still be in operation for credit. In addition, actions cannot be in a planning phase.
For verification, provide the program name; year created; and a brief description of how the intent of this
action is met.
v�r ,so , 1L.- The City of Evanston's strategic plan includes objectives to optimize natural resources
sustainably, and to promote energy efficient and non -automotive transport systems. The
a result of these goals, puts forth measures to integrate greenhouse gas emissions and energy
efficiency into many future decisions,
ti nt , .. ., In Baltimore, guidelines were adopted to incorporate information about energy savings
and GHG emission reductions into the CIP and the Site Plan Review process. The City Energy Office and
City Sustainability Office both participate in CIP training for all agencies and provide information on
incorporating energy and GHG emission savings into their projects. The City Energy Office has also adopted
an Energy Policy that contains GHG emission reduction goals and strategies; the policy ensures achievement
of those goals when designing new projects at energy intense sites within the Department of Public Works
and Department of General Services. All of these policies and practices advance greenhouse gas emissions
reductions for the City.
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CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Aflan-41-a, GA and Portlanjo, are featured in Measuring Up 2015: How Local Leadership Can
Accelerate National Climate Goals, a i'_.::°: by ICLEI and the World Wildlife Fund. The report "analyzes
data from 116 US cities representing more than 14 percent of the US population, ... and demonstrates how
local governments can cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce climate threats, and achieve multiple community
goals like lower energy costs, better air quality, improved health, and enhanced economic development,"
ADDITIONAL RESOURCESS
The U.S. Conference of Mayors' y .....:.: describes best practices for large- and
..
small-scale local governments from 2007, 2008 and 2009, Examples of include: Denver, CO's
FasTracks program, which uses sales tax to help fund a 12 -year expansion of the transit system and Columbia,
MO's Biogas Energy Plant which converts solid waste into electricity.
rv.; :; W;; `'_;: and guidance on specific actions communities can take to
The U,S, EPA provides many
reduce GHG emissions.
C40 Cities is a resource for climate data and information
Both ICLEI USA's and the Natural Capitalism Institute's
provide resources for creating and implementing a climate action plan.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
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CE -3: Greening the Energy Supply
15 available points
Transition the local energy supply for both transportation and non-mobile sources toward renewable, less
carbon -intensive, and less toxic alternatives
Community Level Outcomes
70% of points available through Outcomes
Outcome ;: Gree' Vtilliilcie Infrastrur_.tttre
Opt: on A: i >cmonsrr,,te that the number of private and public electric vehicle stations rneeu or
exccwads 1.07 1pur 10,000 i-sidents
--OR
Option B. Demonstrate that the number of prMite and public alttermative fuel stations meets or
1.52 p ,.r° 10,000 rosidents 1"Pavdal crnc#iL appliesj
uonurs: Achicve a li iwr Alnr.,t mce of 0% or less
According to EPA's :_, motor vehicles account for nearly 50% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
more than 50% of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and -about 50% of the toxic air pollutant emissions in
the U.S. Motor vehicles, including non -road vehicles such as recreational vehicles and lawn and garden
equipment, are also responsible for 75% of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions nationwide,
Alternative fuel vehicles can reduce emissions of harmful pollutants including carbon dioxide (CO,), the
primary contributor to climate change. Additionally, most alternative fuels are produced domestically, which
strengthens the U.S. economy, improves energy security, and helps offset the cost of imported oil. Alternative
fuels are transportation fuels other than gasoline and diesel, including biodiesel, compressed natural gas,
electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and propane.
Not all alternative fuels are equal in their direct impact on the environment, The ''greenest'' option is to not
drive a vehicle at all. The next best alternative is to drive a zero emission vehicle, such as an electric vehicle.
Afterthat, alternative fuels such as biodiesel, compressed natural gas, ethanol, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas,
and propane still contribute emissions, but not as substantially as gasoline and diesel.
While the best data for measuring alternative fuel vehicles would be registration data collected by the local
Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), this can be difficult to obtain. Either the DMVs do not code for
alternative fuel vehicles orthe way the data is gathered for only newly registered vehicles leads to uncertainty
regarding the actual number of vehicles in a community. Additionally, DMV data does not account for cars
registered outside of the jurisdiction that may utilize many of the community's services. Therefore, STAR
uses the number of fueling stations as a proxy measurement for estimating the concentration of alternative
fuel vehicles in a community.
Technical Guide to the STAR Community Rating System CE -3: Greening the Energy Supply
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CE -3. Greening the Energy Supply
For credit in Option A, the number of public and private EV stations must meet or exceed 1.07 per 10,000
residents. This is based on an analysis of 2014 data from the Department of Energy where the Top 25% of
communities reported met or exceeded this threshold.
Data for public and private EV charging stations is available from the Department of Energy's
(AFDC). Follow the directions below:
1. Click the Station Locator tool under the Tools section.
2. Beneath the map, click Download Data. Complete the form with the following selections:
a. Dataset: Alternative fuel stations
b. File Format: CSV (opens in Excel)
c. Fuel type: Electric
d. Access: All
e. Status: Open
3. Enter contact information and indicate agreement with terms and conditions. An Excel file with all
EV charging stations will download.
4. Convert the spreadsheet to a table by selecting cell A I and then Insert > Table.
5. City applicants should filter by the State and then City columns. Alternatively, cities may elect to use
ZIP Codes that are all or, partially within the community. County applicants will need to use the ZIP
Code to filter the data.
6. Next, count each EV station identified and enter this information in the STAR -provided Excel
spreadsheet.
7. Also, in the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet, enterthe population of the jurisdiction from the most
recent year available.
For verification in Option A, provide the number of public and private EV stations, the number per 10,000
residents, and the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet.
Applicants not meeting the threshold for Option A may receive partial credit in Option B. For credit in
Option B, the applicant must show that the number of private and public Alternative Fuel Stations meets or
exceeds 1.52 per 10,000 residents. This is based on an analysis of 2014 data from the Department of Energy
where the Top 25% of communities reported met or exceeded this threshold.
Data for this measure is available from the Department of Energy's (AFDC).
Follow the directions below:
1. Click the Station Locator tool under the Tools section. Beneath the map, click Download Data.
Complete the form with the following selections:
a. Dataset: Alternative fuel stations
b. File format: CSV (opens in Excel)
c. Fuel type: All
d. Access: All
e. Status: Open
2. Enter contact information and indicate agreement with terms and conditions. An Excel file with
all alternative fueling stations will download.
3. Convert the spreadsheet to a table by selecting cell A I and then Insert > Table.
4. City applicants should filter by the State and then City columns. Alternatively, cities may elect to
use ZIP Codes that are all or partially within the community. County applicants will need to use
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CE -3: Greening the Energy Supply
the ZIP Code to filter the data.
5. Next, sort by the Fuel Type Code column.
6. Count each station identified by its Fuel Type Code and enter this information in the STAR -
provided Excel spreadsheet.
7. Also, in the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet, enter the population of the jurisdiction from the
most recent year available.
For verification in Option B, provide the number of stations by fuel type, the number per 10,000 residents,
and the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet.
Because the greenest form of transportation is to either not drive or not drive alone, bonus points are
available for applicants demonstrating a Drive Alone Rate of 60% or less. To find data on the jurisdiction's
drive alone rate, see BE -7: Transportation Choices, Outcome 1. See the Points Appendix for information
regarding points awarded for bonus credit.
otitcanie 2: Electr=ical Energy Supr.,Ily
Option A. Demonstrate that the ck.inimonity's overall C?lcrtrie Milky &amnating capacity includes
a IjurJ(m 'krl-on) rienL'v abki f?nery ;'C7ui-c I; :rd,iail odii- ay.!i 1c I
'JiAiaii B: Den)onst.,te that rhl , i !J111'ii.i,i1(y'S '*i.:i,�.d-IC ',riiity i; in (0t"i''fl)I13nc'e Wii.11 JkPS
i--_ CgLliM17110fItS and docuiiie-'rig Lhe 1?01-n.?)f1 II r:;,9 I b3'tlC..,Iu1 Qi1_I gy `I.Al C`COS [I';?1.6-,11 credit available
According.to EPA electricity from the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas,
is responsible for approximately 40% ofCO, emissions and 33% oftotal GHG emissions in the United States.
EPA, also explains that post -Industrial Revolution emissions producing human activities have contributed
substantially to climate change by adding CO, and other heat -trapping gases to the atmosphere. Combustion
of fossil fuels to generate electricity contributes to air pollution and higher rates of water consumption
compared to renewable energy sources. For the purposes of STAR, renewable energy facilities are defined
as those that use biomass, solar thermal, photovoltaic, wind, geothermal, fuel cells using renewable fuels,
small hydroelectric generation of 30 megawatts or less, hydroelectric that is third -party certified low impact,
digester gas, solid waste conversion, landfill gas, ocean waves, ocean thermal, or tidal currents to produce
electricity,
According to the renewable energy sources represented roughly 9%
of non -vehicular U.S. energy consumption in 201 1. To successfully address .climate change and achieve
energy independence, the U.S. must drastically increase its use of renewable energy -based electricity.
For full credit in Option A, applicants must demonstrate that the electric utilities serving the community are
generating 50% or more of their overall electricity from renewable energy sources. Hydroelectric generation
facilities of greater than 30 megawatts are allowed if they are certified by the
at the time of submittal. STAR will accept renewable energy credits (RECs) as part of the total as
long as they are _ Non -grid renewable energy, such as landfill gas or solid waste conversion,
may be added to the utility values. Graduated partial credit is available starting with a minimum of 2%
renewables. See the Points Appendix for information regarding partial credit.
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For full credit in Option B, applicants must submit their electric utility's documented compliance with a state -
based Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) of 50% or more. The RPS may be less than 50%, but points
awarded will be scaled to the appropriate graduated partial credit with a minimum of 2% renewables.
Applicants must also document the portions of renewable energy by source type. If an electric utility exceeds
their RPS obligation, applicants should consider submitting under Option A. Non -grid renewable energy may
not be added in Option B.
For verification, applicants must provide the percentage of overall electricity supplied to the community that
is generated by renewable energy sources, and upload a completed STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet
showing the percentage of overall electricity provided by each renewable source.
Local Actions
70% of points available through Actions
A I A
i. . <e",
Adopt a communitywide plan that inClUdes a comproh(;nsive programmatic and poky approach
La Shift the cornmt.tnky towand% ,Aeroat;vc €k4(Is',md rr,r, ov'rabIr, energy SourcL-s
Although applicants may submit a stand-alone energy supply plan, STAR recognizes that many communities
include energy supply planning in their climate action plans. Applicants can therefore submit a sections) of
a communitywide plan that addresses both alternative fuels in transportation and -renewable energy sources.
Submissions should include an inventory of information about vehicles in the community as well ,as the
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) for the local or regional utility.
For verification, provide the plan title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the plan; and a brief description of
how the intent of this action is met.
Action 2;
i.:Y ;z its rRadc>.
. i ilii ., ..'zt�: Y,,.,lis. 3,;1�� �l s. .�.€ 1 7 ,. ..
jurisdictions and utilities may offer programs that allow residents to pool resources for enhancing renewable
energy options in the community. Often these programs are voluntary or provide an option to not
participate. This action is identified as a policy rather than a program because it requires enabling legislation
and structured guidance for implementation.
There are 2 main types of programs:
• Community choice aggregation (CCA) allows cities and counties to combine the buying power of
individual customers within their jurisdiction to purchase alternative energy supplies. Policies to allow
CCAs are approved at a state level, but local governments must adopt and operate a program locally.
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Community shared solar or wind programs allow residents to buy or lease a portion of a shared
alternative energy system. The share of electricity generated is credited to the customer as if the
system was installed on their property. Policies for community shared alternative energy may be
enacted by state governments, local governments, or utilities. If achievement is based on a state
policy, applicants must show that residents within the jurisdiction are participating.
For verification, provide the title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the policy or code; and a brief description
of how the intent of this action is met.
Action
Remove regulatory re su icr::i )nr, on the development of residential and small business renewable
energy installations
Because many zoning regulations predate the current market interest in renewable energy systems and
alternative fueling stations, there are often unintentional restrictions or limitations to the development.
Regulations may account for public safety, scientific evidence, and neighboring concerns, but must provide a
defined and reasonable set of requirements for permitting.
The American Planning Association's Info Packet on T ) ._,a w-. {ry r�: T c is a good
resource for reviewing and revising codes.
For credit, describe how regulatory restrictions have been deliberately removed or avoided to allow for
residential and small business renewable energy installations or alternative fueling stations.
For verification, provide the title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the policy or code; and a brief description
of how the intent of this action is met.
F- tablisl`} fir -t 111aly;Igers. alternative fur1 suppliers, incl
A:! .v::'i... lP. ,, ,:.. ;., i liiei t: i- :,n tirtunity
Local partnerships can help transportation stakeholders evaluate options and achieve goals around alternative
fuels. Fleet managers from local governments and businesses benefit from discussions and presentations on
best practices, innovative technologies, and related opportunities.
For example are regionally based entities that involve a public-private partnership to
elevate alternative fuel options in communities. With support from the U.S. Department of Energy, these
coalitions host education and outreach events and advocate for fuel efficiency improvements and idle
reduction efforts. _;:._ _`<,r::.id is an initiative championed by Florida Power and Light to encourage
the implementation of electric transportation.
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For verification, provide the name of the group; year established; a link to or documentation of their work;
and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met. Partnerships and Collaboration must be active
at the time of submittal and be issue -focused, not special project -based.
Action 5:
Earn ,_t'.:,;..., - solar rea y conni-Ytt, pity
This action awards communities that have achieved recognition for laying the foundation for the adoption
of solar energy and electric vehicles in the jurisdiction. Designations may be received from a national
campaign, such as ; T., or regional effort, such as the Mid-America Regional Council's
i 11-1 1c I _ ,,rte.
For verification, provide the name of the practice improvement; a link to or copy of the annual report, if
applicable; and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
Ur -eat*` inccricive programs CO SLIPpors the Lowflopr ent of i-enetifilablu, inll ;l`.V4.tU19&
Building consumer demand is critical to helping a community transition to renewable energy. Incentives are
a great way to encourage residents and businesses to incorporate innovative energy strategies, such as small-
scale solar or wind projects, into their buildings and sites.
For credit, the applicant must identify 3 of the following incentive options that are active locally:
• streamlined or expedited permitting procedures;
• permit fee waivers or reductions;
• identification of approved installers;
• local government or utility financial rebates;
• local education efforts related to state or federal incentives;
• local tax incentives; and/or
• other local incentive program(s) (specify).
For verification, provide the name of the enforcement or incentive; the year created; a link to or copy of
the incentives) and/or enforcement(s); and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
i�ctlorj 7:
f
IS CO U1CrC,1a%E,,
Communities may use a variety of financial mechanisms to increase the mix of renewable energy sources
available to residents. A feed -in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate the transition to renewable
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energy sources. Typically, it offers renewable energy providers a long-term contract for energy supplied at
the cost of conventional energy production. While a feed -in tariff is a good incentive for the development
of renewable energy, applicants may specify other financial mechanisms, such as a or
s rye program, for credit. If using a PACE program, renewable energy systems
must be an allowed expenditure.
For verification, provide the name of the enforcement or incentive; the year created; a link to or copy of
the incentive(s) and/or enforcement(s); and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
silt a. net-rnc,,,te ing progrann that nC P €:. `ii `r" iidjenaia; and SI""nall
€r:in <ss
renewable energy sources
Net -metering is an important incentive for developing on-site renewable energy generation because it allows
customers to offset their energy consumption costs. In cases where excess energy is generated, customers
can supply that energy into the grid for additional savings. The Database of State Incentives for Renewables
& Efficiency (; %': J.) provides information on existing state, county, and city regulatory policies.
For verification, provide the program name; year created; and a brief description of how the intent of this
action is met.
til- pt l,fir-uV,-dr,:rm:!1vc, fu.1ing
Types of alternative fueling stations that may be installed include Nodiesel, compressed natural gas, electricity,
ethanol, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and propane. Facilities may be owned by public or private entities.
All stations must be open to the public year round and installed within 5 years of application submittal.
For verification, provide a list of investments made within the past 5 years and a brief description of how
the intent of this action is met.
BUild the ne-cessary distribution cir :tCrNw�? 113
renewable L-nergy sources
Because utility -grade renewable energy production is often sited in remote locations and the source is largely
intermittent or out of sync with consumption, distribution and storage for use are important and necessary
infrastructure investments.
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency's Smart Grids and Renewables..,,,. development
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of smart grid technologies integrated with renewable energy is an example of an infrastructure improvement
that can expand distribution. Smart grids offer increased reliability and resiliency, flexibility, and efficiency
from demand-side management.
ECY, . is a growing area of interest among researchers, utilities, and businesses. While the cost of
advanced technologies may be prohibitive now, the potential that it offers for consistent energy supply and
capture of renewable energy produced at peak sunlight or wind hours is promising.
For credit, submit a list of distribution or storage infrastructure built with the intent of expanding renewable
energy sources for the community. Applicants may receive credit for -pilot investments in smart grid
distribution provided thatthe pilot is intended to garnerfurther support for investments in renewable energy
infrastructure.
For verification, provide a list of investments made within the past 5 years and a brief description of how
the intent of this action is met.
COMMUNITIES lr�NE
bridge, 0"-.,A.The City adopted the ` _ , , in June 2015. The document is reviewed
every 5 years to ensure Cambridge is on the trajectory to become a 'net zero community.'
urlington, VT, Residences and businesses in the City of Burlington are eligible to receive tax credits
for installation of renewable energy from the
stiff, T -. The City of Houston, with the support of federal grants and private partnerships, has
installed hundreds of _ These stations support private vehicles as well as the City's
fleet of 50 electric vehicles.
The . a a _,,_ : (DSIRE) provides information and models or
incentive programs including net -metering policies.
___ _ _ = _ is a guide created by DOE and the
National Association of Regional Councils to help regional and local governments play a key role in advancing
the deployment of solar energy,
The f ,:. :.__,;.. (SEIA) provides detailed information on issues and policies
nationwide as well as insights to the rapidly developing solar market.
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CE -4: Energy Efficiency
15 available points
PURPOSE
Minimize energy use and demand in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors as a means to increase
energy efficiency in the community
According to the�;i: the world's total primary energy consumption in
2012 was about 529 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu). Primary energy consumption in the United States
was about 95 quadrillion Btu, equal to 18% of the world's total primary energy consumption. The population
of the United States in 2012 was 314.1 million people, or 4.46% of the world's total human population.
The most recent figures released by the World Bank on the _ :,,� _ ::� (not including
wood stove or individual coal -based stoves), is approximately 1,900 kg of oil equivalent, or 75 million Btu
per person. By comparison, the U.S. per capita energy use is approximately 6,900 kg of oil equivalent, or 273
million Btu (MMBtu) per person. Per capita energy use in the U.S. is over 72% greater per person than in
the rest of the world.
There are several reasons for greater energy use in the U.S., including industrial development, quality of life
expectations, reliable transmission of power, safety, and water quality, U.S. communities at the forefront of
energy efficiency seek solutions that include technological and behavioral changes.
Energy use is applicable to many components of urban systems; reports that buildings.
consume nearly half of all the energy produced in the United States; or 47.6%. Process energy from the
industrial sector comprises 24.4% and transportation accounts for 28.1 %.
This objective focuses specifically on energy efficiency, or behaviors and technology that reduce energy use,
in residential and commercial buildings and industrial processes. Strategies to address heat islands are
included in this objective as a rise in localized temperature often leads to increases in energy use for cooling.
There are generally 2 strategies used to mitigate the effects of heat islands: increasing vegetative cover and
increasing surface reflectivity. Vegetation and moisture -trapping soils utilize a relatively large proportion of
absorbed radiation in the evapotranspiration process and release water vapor that contributes to cooling
the air in their vicinity. Increasing surface reflectivity by applying surface treatments with higher albedo reduces
radiation absorption and thus stored heat potential. These strategies also impact levels of tropospheric ozone,
a major contributor to outdoor air quality and health issues.
Some specific examples of heat island mitigation strategies include;
• white roofs or cool roofs;
• light-colored street pavement or ground cover; and
• awnings and shade trees.
Some heat island mitigation strategies, such as street trees and green roofs, may also be applicable to NS- I:
Green Infrastructure and HS -6: Hazard Mitigation,
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CE -4: Energy Efficiency
Renewable or non-fossil energy sources should only be included in instances where synergies directly
contribute to decreased energy by a user, such as solar hot water heating or geothermal heat pumps. Fuel
use in vehicles, including fuel-efficient vehicles, is addressed in CE -3: Greening the Energy Supply and EJ -2:
Green Market Development and should not be included in reporting on this objective.
Energy efficiencies in infrastructure, such as streetlights, combined heat and power (CHP), and water
production/distribution/disposal, are addressed in CE -6: Local Government GHG & Resource Efficiency.
Community Level Outcomes
70% of points available through Outcomes
Otitcome I., IlEne rgY Use
Part 1: Demonstrate incremental progress towards achieving an 80% reductioro lay `20SO ill eraerpy
used by eonaraaur-eity buildings or indusrr gal processes
Part 2: Derrroftstraxe progress towards achieving all 80% redUct.ion �)y :!050 in enemy
use within Sfjr:'CMC F-s.idClldal, commercial, and industrial sectors
[rat tial credit availab;.;]
Local jurisdictions in the U.S. vary widely in terms of climate and population density. Comparing rates of
energy efficiency or establishing a national threshold is not feasible; Since increased building and industrial
process energy efficiency can lead to important reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this outcome
is structured to measure reductions in energy use overtime, similar to CE -2, Outcome 1: Communitywide
Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
To evaluate this outcome, applicants must collect electric, natural gas, and propane energy consumption data
for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, over at least 2 points in time. Local utility providers will
be the primary source of data. Data estimated based on the utility's service area with reasonable assumptions
on the community's proportion may be submitted if data for the applicant's jurisdiction is not available.
k
,
Baseline Year
Years to 2050
Reduction per Year
2000
50
1.60%
2005
45
1.78%
2010
40
2.00%
Ideally, the applicant will be able to supply all years of data from 2000 to present. However, if this is not
possible, the baseline point in time selected must be between 2000 and 2010 and the most recent point in
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CE -4: Energy Efficiency
time must be within 3 years of the community's application. The closer the baseline year is to 2010, the
greater the percent reductions will need to be to demonstrate achievement, as shown in the table at right.
For credit in Part 1, demonstrate that all sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial), in aggregate, are
progressing toward the long-term achievement of an 80% reduction by 2050. Use the STAR -provided Excel
spreadsheet to convert values to MMBtu and graph progress against the threshold trend line. Data should
be entered in MWh for electricity, therms for natural gas, and thousand gallons for propane. To convert
natural gas data that is provided in thousand cubic feet (Mco to therms, divide value by 10.32.
Partial credit is available for reductions in energy use not directly on track to achieve an 80% reduction by
2050. See the Points Appendix for information regarding points awarded for partial credit.
For credit in Part 2, demonstrate that each specific sector (residential, commercial, and industrial) is
progressing toward the long-term achievement of an 80% reduction by 2050. For the residential sector,
assess the per capita energy use. For the commercial sector, assess the energy use intensity. Energy use
intensity is measured as energy use per square foot per year.
Energy use intensity = Building Energy Use (MMBtu)
Building Square Footage (ft2)
For the industrial sector, the most beneficial unit of measurement would be energy used per unit of
production. However, the unit of production for each industrial building type could be difficult to gather,
especially in larger jurisdictions. Therefore, if the unit of production is not available, applicants may submit
industrial energy use as direct energy use or energy use intensity.
Local government facilities that are considered commercial or industrial may be included,
Often, local utilities will not be able to provide commercial and industrial data separately. If that is the case,
then aggregate commercial and industrial data in the energy use intensity calculation. If it is provided
separately, then report the commercial sector as energy use intensity and the industrial sector as either direct
energy use or energy use intensity. Applicants who can supply this data by all individual sector types will
receive bonus credit.
Use the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet to convert values to MMBtu and graph progress against the
threshold trend line. Partial credit is available for reductions in energy use per sector type and/or not directly
on track to achieve an 80/ reduction by 2050. See the Points Appendix for information regarding points
awarded for partial credit.
For verification, report whether the community is on track to achieve 80% energy use reductions by 2050
as an aggregate and per specific sectors and submit the most recent figures for energy use. Upload the
completed STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet.
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t5,tC0r'i sic.... isIaM k t i
Option ;°-'i: L,:tf ("it.in�,tr""ate: their is r� oftir. £tC;.i'?c;it,=tion lives within e €'ti,r%) nce frorY1 a Ilea-,
Wan,—] roidgatE ::, feature that provkk-s ;- 'r,G.
local1'zt..,ti cc)oling through L#., � w_3 a: t',rE �'+�:. ;"3 �"C7OfS _i _ .r, �� 3.,`s;
white r gots or cool roofs, and`/t=)+'
light. Z:uk"''rec d"avernernt o .. ,
.._OR_..
Option B: tee; i,.-.,, "nstr'aco that the aa:rn e3'ature of the no more, than 5
degrees Fa.hrc.!-nheit higher thain Uiburban2 or rura� an a sLirT mer
and /,/i nwr i?? `R'
Heat islands are present on a surface and in the local atmosphere. The impacts from heat islands include:
increased energy consumption; elevated emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases; compromised
human health and comfort; and impaired water quality. This outcome considers the distribution of heat
island mitigation strategies throughout a community.
For credit in Option A, demonstrate that 85% of the population lives within a 1/3 -mile circular buffer of
urban heat island mitigation features. Land zoned for, and being used as, parkland, open space, or vegetated
recreational areas -may also be included.
Use ArcGIS to follow the basic steps below:
I. Identify the qualifying urban heat island mitigation locations. Other layers to include are the
jurisdictional boundary, trails, Census blocks, and streets,
2. Identify a 1/3 -mile circular buffer around the perimeter of the locations.
3. Identify the Census blocks that intersect with the service area. Clip_ to the service area and
jurisdictional boundary.
4. For each intersecting Census block, calculate the percent difference in area between the original
Census block and the service area boundary.
5. Calculate the population in the service area by multiplying the total population in the Census
block by the percent difference in area. Summarize the new field.
6. Divide the summarized population by the total population in the jurisdiction and multiply by 100.
Applicants should submit the percentage of the population within a 1/3 -mile circular buffer of urban heat
island mitigation features.
For verification in Option A, submit the percentage of the population within 1/3 -mile circular buffer of urban
heat island mitigation features and upload a map clearly identifying each type of green infrastructure function.
See the Mapping Appendix for standard mapping requirements.
For credit in Option B, the applicant must conduct air temperature measurements using transect studies or
weather station networks. The submitted study or air temperature analysis must be conducted within 3
years prior to STAR application. Enough transects and stations must exist to provide statistically valid
measurements of natural, low density residential, medium density residential, high density residential, and
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commercial areas. The surrounding location should be rural or low density suburban. Measurements should
be taken at about 5 feet above the ground and at night. If using a transect study, at least 2 measurements
need to be taken, I in summer and I in winter, during non -windy nights. If more than I seasonal day
measurement is taken, these may be averaged for the submittal.
For verification in Option B, submit the results of the study.
Local Actions
70% of points available through Actions
Action I
Adopt a strategic action plan tc, wn rove the energy efficiency of residential and cornmer£cial
buildings amd industrial proses: e_-, in the community
Community energy plans and climate action plans are commonly adopted planning documents that address
buildings and their resource consumption. A stand-alone plan or a section of a communitywide plan is
acceptable. Plans must include specific sections or actions related to building energy. In addition, plans must
address commercial and residential buildings. The inclusion of industrial sector processes is encouraged. A
good resource for energy efficiency for industrial users is available from the DOE's . :. r, _.;' ; ;;; ; program.
For verification, provide the plan_ title; a link to or copy of the plan; the year adopted or last updated; and a
brief description of how the submittal meets the intent of this action.
Y'fie' 'i :wi _ :off.:.. F - i , _nVv xa �-I �-?cccc-d t. u r =-c. iT; }Yl .'1 d
Building codes set minimum requirements to ensure that new buildings, additions, and renovations are
constructed using best practices for health, safety, and welfare. Energy codes are the part of the building
code that set standards for energy conservation and efficiency in these buildings.
Most local governments adopt their energy codes based on model energy codes developed by expert
councils, such as the (ICC) or the _ - l
(ASHRAE). The most commonly used model energy code is the ICC's
(IECC). The IECC is updated on a 3 -year cycle, with the most
recent version being released in 2015. ' ':;+: have adopted some version of the IECC and have enacted
legislation directing their local jurisdictions to either meet the same requirement or adopt more stringent
codes,
Other commonly referenced building codes that more extensively address renewable energy and water
efficiency include the ICCs (IGCC) and
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State -adopted building energy code information is available from
or the `.; .
For credit, communities must locally adopt, at a minimum, the IECC-2015 or later, the IGCC-2012, and/or
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-201 1. Each of these must be adopted in their entirety with only minimal
documented modifications and must apply to both residential and commercial sectors. Alternatively,
communities may demonstrate how their local building code is equivalent to these model energy codes and,
therefore, meets the intent.
Information on state -level adoption and some local adoption may be found on the Department of Energy's
Encs , =, R',,,, -.r'; website.
For verification, provide the title and a link to or copy of the policy or code requirement; the year adopted
or last updated; and a brief description of how the submittal meets the intent of this action.
.s;i3sie+'o cs ...,im?l1i f' requiNng
Tracking consumption levels is the first step to achieving energy use reductions. Requiring the disclosure of
data helps to ensure that energy reductions are occurring at the building or site scale. Adopted .disclosure
ordinances can address a specific sector, such as commercial, or a specific scale or type of building, such as
those that are greater than 10,000 square feet.
Example ordinances are available from and
For verification, provide the title and a link to or copy of the policy or code requirement; the year adopted
or last updated; and a brief description of how the submittal meets the intent of this action.
ard
(7reate'm Tse"kjcalion anlj +,utre )� h Campaign or challen e -Lo Cliff,a<. resit tl nt� in cnerky -(fin;-wcy
Cffe_), LS
The question of how to most effectively influence low -carbon and resource -efficient behavior is driving
communities across the U.S. to experiment with innovative challenges and campaigns. This action focuses
on education and outreach to the general public or residential sector.
For example, the includes a pledge for households to reduce energy use help
the city achieve its goal of 15% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Communities can look to
the EPA's : initiative for ground -tested ideas. For effective messaging, review
the work of George Mason University's
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For verification, provide a brief description of how your education and outreach campaign meets the intent
of this action. Submittal must include a series of efforts designed to inform the public about the issue. If
applicable, provide a link to or upload supporting materials.
oil"lYYlendT?? 3oi s �'�.".'?' k,,,,s related to� { x ���
c,Y nym
-i is ,i:i� ,' \ is[ue€ ,.r i.E . d,, _ ,,�t. into the 4Aa`ork o� Cr-, "IT'i:'ii tek,",::.
Achieving energy efficiency in buildings requires the active participation of building occupants, owners, and
managers. A formal committee can bring together diverse and important partners to ensure that local
government regulations, incentives, and programs are realistic and effective.
Recommended committee members include local government leadership, facility maintenance staff, utility
providers, finance department, construction managers, building inspectors, architects, engineers, nonprofit
representatives, state and federal officials, and at -large community member representatives.
For verification, provide the name of the group; a link to or documentation of their work; year established;
and a brief description of how the partnership meets the intent of this action. Note that all Partnerships and
Collaboration actions must be active at time of submittal and be issue -focused, not special project -based.
i"rAJ 1',I'IS Vlf t'ilr[ tA*,,J& d i "Al _I f',(
Tracking data on energy use overtime helps industries understand their use patterns and manage resources
more wisely. There area number of voluntary reporting programs that can help industries track energy use
and provide informative reports, such as EPA's F.'.1or the DOE's
or Additionally, non-governmental entities, such as the
and the '_,, offer templates for standardized reporting of
facility data.
Local government can play a role in promoting the collection and reporting of energy use data by partnering
with such organizations and local industries to convene trainings or share best practices for collection and
reporting facility data,
For credit, the applicant needs to demonstrate a programmatic effort toward partnership that goes beyond
members of the commercial or industrial sector participating in reporting programs.
For verification, provide the name of the group; a link to or documentation of their work; year established;
and a brief description of hove the partnership meets the intent of this action. Note that all Partnerships and
Collaboration actions must be active at time of submittal and be issue -focused, not special project -based.
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Action 7:
CE -4: Energy Efficiency
a hear :siand ££iitk7L2£,.i'«. n pr, A3�-�rarr,
Given the localized nature of the urban heat island effect, mitigation activities need to be dispersed
throughout a jurisdiction to be effective. There are several strategies that may provide cooling benefits,
including cool roof and cool pavement programs. While some green infrastructure strategies, such as
increasing vegetation or tree coverage, do address urban heat islands, this action must focus on surface
treatments to buildings, pavement, and other built infrastructure. Green roof programs are eligible for credit.
The Global Cool Cities Alliance has a C:.; <,:: ( ,: < that includes an informative primer
and implementation guide as well as a knowledge base of programs and resources.
For verification, provide the name and a brief description of the program or service; and the year created or
implemented,
Action 8,
Create i4lcei7cives ccs et)CULu ;fie the slew construc con of uner y efficiem buildings
Local governments can support a variety of incentives for green or energy efficient buildings, Examples
include property tax incentives, expedited permitting, grants,_ loans, bonus density, permit fee reduction, and
rebates. The is a useful resource for finding energy incentive programs by state.
For verification, provide a link to or copy of the incentive(s); a brief description of how the incentive meets
the intent of this action; and the year created or implemented. Note that the incentive(s) must be available
at the time of application.
('r+%aw i,rcentives for busiresst-,s. lessor's. hoam,owncrs, and rt-nrc•rs' to Irrrprove. the energy
eiirc it nc�' orf nc�>>r !i t'or4 tfilcliro4?., ,yid ivmvas
Home energy audits, rebate programs, technical assistance, and loans have become common practices across
the United States. For example, Denver's .; `::. offers a one-stop shop for residents who are
looking to improve the energy efficiency of their homes. Seattle'sC, program
provides incentives and partners with financial institutions to provide low interest loans to participants. The
is a good source of incentive program information.
Note that this action may not include DOE- or state -funded Weatherization Assistance Programs (WAP).
For verification, provide the program name; a brief description of the program or service; and the year
created or implemented.
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Action
5 and ce:-
Create a local program to specifically help low-incorne households reduce energy-related burdens
According to a 2015 rep;)rt by ACEEE, an overwhelming majority of low-income households experience
higher energy burdens than the average household in the same city. Weatherization Assistance Programs,
funded by the DOE through state energy offices, provide essential energy efficiency services to a number of
low income families throughout the U.S.
Cities and counties with such programs servicing their area can leverage these opportunities through
partnering or integrating with Neighborhood Stabilization Programs or other housing improvement
programs. Cities or counties without weatherization programs can still incorporate guidance into existing
low-income programs that improve energy efficiency results.
Note that this action may not include DOE -funded or state -funded Weatherization Assistance Programs
(WAP) that are not leveraged or enhanced outside of their existing program constraints. Services offered
may be free or low-cost, but they must clearly be serving low-income households in the jurisdiction.
For verification, provide the program name; a brief description of the program .or service; and the year
-created or implemented.
c
Work with
c_oll-I, aEaf1 i cy
Local utilities can play a significant role in increasing information and knowledge about direct energy use in a
community's building stock.
Commissioning (Cx) programs offer opportunities for owners in the commercial or industrial sectors to
ensure facilities are operating efficiently for existing use. Commissioning programs may be designed to
address post -occupancy commissioning, retro -commissioning of existing buildings, or continuous
commissioning. In addition to addressing energy efficiency issues, these programs will address ventilation and
occupant comfort issues.
ACHE provides a database of and
:° ::. r . in the U.S.. The . is another good source of energy program information.
For verification, provide the program name; a brief description of the program or service; and the year
created or implemented.
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CE -4: Energy Efficiency
.` z. :"�i The = ;.' program helps residents save money
and energy by providing free in home installation of items, as well as valuable behavior change education
that helps advance savings. These savings help advance the city to achieving its outcome goal of 80% energy
intensity reduction by 2050.
The Geothermal Connection Incentive was created for properties adjacent to the existing
geothermal distribution system. If only a service line needs to be added, the first twelve months of service
after connection will be at no cost, for up to 150% of the estimated volume. This incentive is important
because it allows connection of additional buildings without the need to construct or maintain additional line.
The Central Addition LIV District is the City -of Boise's first EcoDistrict, located in downtown Boise. Limited
pumping rights dictate the growth of the geothermal system.
9 The ,�_.;� promotes energy efficiency development in
manufacturing plants through energy assessments, establishing energy management programs, and other
technical support.
The City of Houston's encourages participants at all levels of
influence, from office employees to major property owners and managers, to improve the environmental
performance of buildings in Houston. Through this program, the participants managed to collectively reduce
energy usage by 28 million kilowatt hours, reduce water usage by 74 million gallons, divert 40% of waste
from landfills by recycling, create office Green Teams to manage environmental initiatives and educate staff,
provide more bike parking, and increase electronic circulation of documents to decrease paper use and
waste. This program encouraged many businesses to take into account and decrease their environmental
impact.
The Sustainable Home Raleigh workshop introduces ideas and actions Raleigh residents can
implement immediately using low-cost, easy-to-use techniques to save energy and reduce utility bills. The
community -focused, education -driven program is administered through the City of Raleigh Office of
Sustainability and is available to homeowners and renters. The I -hour presentation includes demonstrations,
tips and information on weathenzation, energy efficiency, green cleaning, water conservation, recycling and
landscaping. Each household also receives a Sustainable Home starter bag of tools they can use around the
home to begin conserving energy and water.
DDrrIONAL RESP, ...� . =_
The LEED rating systems are available at the website. In this USGBC describes common
structural and financial incentives and financing mechanisms that U.S. local governments are using to
encourage green building construction and provides examples of communities that have implemented them.
Additionally, USGBC s _
may be helpful to advance a green building policy in the community.
DOES provides resources on building codes and inspections.
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ICLEI USA's -,r: 4_ g engages local businesses and commercial property managers in a
competition to save money, energy, water, and waste, improving their business's environmental performance
and helping local governments reach their energy and climate goals.
National League of Cities' (NLC) :;:.:..:'.._ _ . ;::.;.€:_ :;f, hlst;t,,,,,t provides a range of resources on sustainable
buildings, including model policies, legislation and RFPs, case studies, marketing tools, and classes for specific
techniques for green construction.
The ..t,=;.rs. for DOE's Advanced Manufacturing Office offers a wide range of guides and tools that help
manufacturers and other industrial operators across the supply chain conserve energy and reduce costs.
The f e Enc.,; ,, has a resource page dedicated to the industrial sector that provides an excellent
........
overview of the sector, policies to support energy efficiency and programs that support industrial energy
efficiency.
The World Resources Institute released i ; _.; _:.> .r �s in
..
spring 2016 to provide local governments and other urban leaders in cities around the world with
background, guidance, and tools to accelerate building efficiency action in their communities.
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CE -6: Local Government GHG & Resource Footprint
15 available points
PURPOSE
Lead by example by reducing local government greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing energy and water
use in local government facilities and specified local infrastructure
EVALUATION MEASURES
Most of the objectives in the STAR Community Rating System focus on outcomes and actions that impact
the community as a whole. STAR was designed intentionally to focus on how the community works as a
system to address areas such as climate, energy, equity, natural systems, and the built environment,
However, many local governments measure and manage resources internally to both demonstrate
environmental leadership and efficiently manage limited funding pools. This objective is unique in that the
scale focuses on the facilities and internal operations of the local government as it relates to greenhouse gas
emissions, energy efficiency, and water conservation.
Community Level Outcomes
100% of points available through Outcomes
±)tttixime 1: Local G rve9rt�ttxertt C n c �ase ta:1r sl issi:a, s.
Dmi- orlstrate incren-1-1.1ral prrJgre-s,, Low,..iirds achi4-,vin, a 18% I't?d]inion h,., 7.10"C' S :`,i e-!/< `. m 80%
r-dt➢c'tion bX ?050 in loci) gt-NvQ'➢`i1nwnC C -q i'C'11hoI,Ir C, Is l+'al 6,c_E (=1.191 I-VIil-able
The Kyoto Protocol development process established the long-term target of reducing by 80% the GHG
emissions of all industrialized countries by 2050. Although the U.S. was not a participant in the Kyoto Protocol,
over 1,000 mayors across the country were signatories to the U.S. Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection
Agreement, committing to meet or exceed the Kyoto targets. While a potentially more aggressive target, its
long term nature did not lead to the immediate actions necessary to reduce GHG emissions.
In 2015, leaders and delegates from 195 world nations formulated a global agreement on the reduction of
climate change at the 2015 Paris Climate Conference. The final agreement outlines various measures that
need to be implemented to limit the rise in average global temperature to well below 2°C, ideally at below
1.5°C. At the summit, the to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by up to 28% below
2005 levels by 2025.
Therefore, STAR adopts a dual target of 28% reduction below 2005 levels by 2025 and 80% below 2000
levels by 2050. Communities that can demonstrate incremental progress toward either of these targets will
receive some credit. Ideally, the data collection interval for greenhouse gas inventories should be between
I and 5 years.
The closer to the target year that the baseline year is, the greater percent of reductions the applicant will
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need to demonstrate, as shown in the table below:
For this outcome, applicants are required to assess GHG emissions from operations of local government
owned and/or managed buildings and infrastructure. There are several methods to assess local government
GHG emissions; STAR recommends the c;:<F At a minimum, the
applicant must report on Scope I and 2 emissions. Bonus credit is available for reporting on Scope 3
emissions.
Applicants may receive partial credit for reductions that are not directly on track to achieve the target
reduction. See Points Appendix for information regarding points awarded for partial credit.
For verification, provide the most recent measure of greenhouse gas emissions and upload a completed
STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet showing the threshold level met.
This outcome is similarto CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, Outcome 1: Communitywide Greenhouse Gas
Emissions, except that applicants are required to assess GHG emissions of local governmental facilities and
operations.
Pal r I: L)crfion striit€' loc: iI i;i,, '';I fIIIIIJ ,t 1:i';t{�it ?. r4'stii",t!'� y �.r •' 1r,i,-.n51(y IS `)el w 4.11( regivf)„I
a re -ace'l -nergy use intcns'ity l)rLi' b(ifldin.; Lyp,-� t'axcial cr-dirav-aikiil''.]
d ptil)lir '16r....—rurtut sfi�`-
In 2015, the U.S. Energy Information Administration released the "(
The 2012 CBECS collected building characteristics data from more than 6,700 U.S.
........
commercial buildings to identify national trends related to energy use by building type.
Part I of this outcome is based on thresholds established by common local government building types
published in the CBECS. The thresholds were adjusted based on factors such as variations in energy needs
based on region and climate type.
For Part 1, applicants need to benchmark energy use intensity for the local government building stock based
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Baseline Year
Years to 2025
Reduction per
year
Years to 2050
� Reduction per
year
2000
25
1.12%
50
1.60%
2005
20
1.40%
45
1.78%
2010
15
1.87%
40
2,00%
For this outcome, applicants are required to assess GHG emissions from operations of local government
owned and/or managed buildings and infrastructure. There are several methods to assess local government
GHG emissions; STAR recommends the c;:<F At a minimum, the
applicant must report on Scope I and 2 emissions. Bonus credit is available for reporting on Scope 3
emissions.
Applicants may receive partial credit for reductions that are not directly on track to achieve the target
reduction. See Points Appendix for information regarding points awarded for partial credit.
For verification, provide the most recent measure of greenhouse gas emissions and upload a completed
STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet showing the threshold level met.
This outcome is similarto CE -2: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, Outcome 1: Communitywide Greenhouse Gas
Emissions, except that applicants are required to assess GHG emissions of local governmental facilities and
operations.
Pal r I: L)crfion striit€' loc: iI i;i,, '';I fIIIIIJ ,t 1:i';t{�it ?. r4'stii",t!'� y �.r •' 1r,i,-.n51(y IS `)el w 4.11( regivf)„I
a re -ace'l -nergy use intcns'ity l)rLi' b(ifldin.; Lyp,-� t'axcial cr-dirav-aikiil''.]
d ptil)lir '16r....—rurtut sfi�`-
In 2015, the U.S. Energy Information Administration released the "(
The 2012 CBECS collected building characteristics data from more than 6,700 U.S.
........
commercial buildings to identify national trends related to energy use by building type.
Part I of this outcome is based on thresholds established by common local government building types
published in the CBECS. The thresholds were adjusted based on factors such as variations in energy needs
based on region and climate type.
For Part 1, applicants need to benchmark energy use intensity for the local government building stock based
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CE -6: Local Government GHG & Resource Footprint
on the , BE- ', RL `, s. All facilities greaterthan 1,000 SF must be included in this inventory.
For each building owned and/or operated by the local government, select I of the following building types:
education (schools, training centers, etc.)
food (service or retail)
• healthcare (in-patient or out-patient clinics, nursing homes, etc.)
• office (city hall, departmental offices, etc.)
• other (any facility not fitting within the defined categories or qualifying for Part 2)
• public assembly (courthouses, recreation centers, libraries, etc.)
• public order and safety (police and fire stations, jails, safety training facilities, etc.)
• service (vehicle maintenance facilities, parking garages, etc.)
• vacant (buildings not occupied, but owned/operated by local government)
• warehouse (storage facilities, distribution centers, etc.)
If a building provides functions for more than I building type, the applicant may assign partial use to more
than I category provided the associated square footage and energy use for each.type is known. If not known,
then select the primary or dominant use of the facility. For instance, a fire station may also house the offices
of the local fire department. If the amount of square footage and/or energy use for each type is unknown,
assign it "public order and safety".
Once the labeling is complete, sum the annual energy used (kBtu) and square footage for each building type.
Facility managers should be able to provide the data needed for this outcome. Many communities collect
data on their facilities and enter it into tools like I'
Use the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet to identify the number of each facility type, total square feet, and
energy used. The formulas in the spreadsheet will calculate the energy use intensity (EUI in kBtu/SF) for each
building type. and compare it to the Census Division/Climate Zone EUI.
Full credit in Part I is available for demonstrating threshold achievement in each building type category that
applies to the jurisdiction, Partial credit will be awarded for achievement in I or more building type category.
See the Points Appendix for information regarding points awarded for partial credit.
For Part 2, applicants must- document energy use fc
infrastructure that is not included as a CBECS Building
of infrastructure, including:
• ports;
• power plants;
• public transit systems (not stations);
• solid waste or recycling facilities;
• stormwater facilities, such as pump stations;
• street lights and traffic signals;
• wastewater facilities; and
• water delivery facilities.
it local government-owned and/or managed public
Type. STAR has established 8 categories of this type
There are no known publicly available sources for measuring energy use intensity in these types of local
government facilities. Therefore, the applicant must show progress resulting in 10% or greater reduction per
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type between a baseline year and current reporting year no more than 5 years apart.
For credit in Part 2, use the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet to summarize annual energy use. Applicants
may supply the number of facilities or components for each public infrastructure category, but this is not
required. Supply energy use in MMBtu for each category for the baseline year and most recent reporting
year. If an infrastructure type is not owned and/or operated by the local government, leave this row blank
in the spreadsheet,
Full credit in Part 2 is available for demonstrating a 10% or greater reduction in all infrastructure types. Partial
credit will be awarded for achievement in I or more infrastructure type. See the Points Appendix for
information regarding points awarded for partial credit.
Partial credit may also be earned for achievements in either Part I or Part 2.
For verification, report the number of building type categories achieving the threshold (Part I) and the
number of public infrastructure categories achieving the threshold (Part 2). Upload a completed STAR -
provided Excel spreadsheet demonstrating achievement.
(7ovt! nirei.- nt ''Fater Conserwitian
Local governments can demonstrate best practices related to water conservation by reducing their demand
in buildings, parks, power plants, and treatment facilities. The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)
worked with the EPA to develop (BMPs). While these BMPs
are intended for federal facilities, much of the guidance applies to local governments as well.
Some examples of water conservation BMPs include:
• system audits, leak detection, and repair;
• using native and other climate -appropriate plant materials to reduce water needs;
• installing efficient irrigation systems that uniformly distribute water;
• recirculation of system water, and
• use of non -potable water from alternative water sources, such as harvested rainwater, onsite
stormwater or wastewater, and graywater.
In addition, the EPA's _ , manual offers guidance, case studies, and tools for water
management planning.
For credit, applicants must assess the water use by local government-owned and/or managed public
infrastructure and show progress resulting in 10% or greater reduction per type between a baseline year
and current reporting year no more than 5 years apart. The current reporting year must be within 3 years
of STAR application submission date (i.e. if submitted in 2017, then current reporting year must be 2014,
2015, or 2016).
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Water use is not an intensity measure for this outcome. STAR has identified 9 types of public infrastructure
that typically utilize the most water. These include:
facilities with cooling towers;
facilities with >50,000 SF conditioned space;
• facilities with steam boilers;
• facilities with single -pass cooling systems;
• irrigation systems (for roadways, parks, and/or recreation areas);
• ornamental water features;
• pools and spas;
• ice rinks and ski areas;
• vehicle maintenance facilities; and
• any infrastructure with annual water use of 100,000 gallons or more.
For full credit, demonstrate a 10% or greater reduction in all categories. Partial credit will be awarded for
achievement in I or more categories. See the Points Appendix for information regarding points awarded for
partial credit.
Use the STAR -provided Excel spreadsheet to summarize annual water use in each category. Some facilities
may be counted more than once if they fall into more than I category. Applicants may supply the number
of facilities or components for each public infrastructure category, but this is not required. Supply water use
in gallons for each category for the Baseline Year and Most Recent Reporting Year.
For verification, report the number of categories achieving the threshold. Upload a completed STAR -
provided Excel spreadsheet demonstrating achievement.
Local Actions
70% of points available through Actions
at, ,,€ry
Local government GHG inventories are important tools for tracking internal progress towards reducing
emissions from local government sources. Most local government inventories are conducted in 1-, 3-, or 5 -
year increments and include Scope I emissions and Scope 2 emissions. More advanced efforts also include
Scope 3 emissions, such as waste -related sources and employee commuting, and are verified by a third -party
to ensure data is complete, credible, and accurate.
For credit, the applicant must demonstrate that a local government GHG inventory has been conducted
every 5 years and includes at least Scope I and 2 emissions. Note if inventory includes Scope 3 emissions
and/or was verified by a third -party.
For verification, provide the title; year published; a link to or copy of the study; and a brief description of
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t
CE -h: Local Government GHGi & Resource Footprint
how the intent of this action is met.
P,enc r?° ark local government buil inlg n �s
i=' ; =r,�'is�'� I1`s:G � -nergy �-3 arnlu,,,
Energy benchmarking is a useful means for tracking a building's energy use and making comparisons to similar
buildings nationwide. Not only can this process provide feedback on installed energy efficiency measures, it
can allow facility managers to better manage resources and identify targeted strategies for poor energy
performance. Such efforts involve gathering usage data from billing records or metered properties and
tracking the use annually or in monthly increments which can then be aggregated to an annual usage per
building.
- I Ali Por[ rol is a popular, free tool that is easy to use and allows users to compare
certain building types to the entire inventory of entries. It also allows for weather-related adjustments based
on heating and cooling degree days (HDD and CDD).
For verification, provide the title; year published; a link to or copy of the study; and a brief description of
how the intent of this action is met.
cil
{'If:ll ,. 1'f�C�i"' LlS., ,,�-."i1' ,. {t:, 3"' .,al . ,.I ... � li,il'.:+"•`ifil.i+..'.11i".- ni7Cl 4:UIdL�tl� :.
A water use baseline is a real or estimated measure of the water used by a facility based on the equipment
present. Ideally, a baseline is conducted in monthly increments, to show seasonal fluctuations in use, and
then aggregated annually for comparison over time. Once the baseline is established, water conservation
and efficiency efforts can be managed and measured. Water savings generally fall into 3 categories: reducing
leaks, installing water -conserving fixtures, and improving behavioral changes.
For credit, the applicant must provide a water use baseline for local government facilities and infrastructure
accounting for over 50% of the water budget and provide the most recent annual review of water use data.
For verification, provide the title; year published; a link to or copy of the study; and a brief description of
how the intent of this action is met,
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)eyelop a local governYT" ent sustainability action plan that: includes strategic -s !"elated to
" ,£etii c)i,i`.' s t:.rti15 :1oi x;"1i"t"igz'xiiililf eE e 'gy efficiency, and water conservation
Local government sustainability plans tend to be action oriented and focused on internal operations and,
practices that lead to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, energy, and water. It may be a stand-alone
plan or incorporated into a broader communitywide sustainability plan or the comprehensive plan, but it
must indicate strategies specific to local government facilities and infrastructure.
For verification, provide the plan title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the plan; and a brief description of
how the intent of this action is met.
Avftion S.
Create i �h lrf"! es ;re r iCngiv: € ✓energ�Supp
There are many benefits to purchasing energy supplies from renewable sources, including:
• reduced environmental impacts;
• as a hedge against electricity price volatility, fuel supply disruptions, and additional environmental
regulations;
• meeting community environmental objectives;
• demonstrate civic leadership;
• generating positive publicity;
• improving employee morale;
• stimulating economies; and
• reducing infrastructure vulnerabilities.
For verification, provide the title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the policy or code; and a brief description
of how the intent of this action is met.
Action 6
Pr Ccc,
S'''t:.;.S 1 1's` <.a,...t j' ., r I'. :(.i f:i S Iti and Lf i:C i::
This action will most likely apply to a local government's fleet of vehicles, but may include fuel -based facilities,
such as those that are operated with propane or natural gas. Establishing alternative fuel targets for powering
facilities and vehicles may also address outdoor air quality issues. The policy may either be the setting of a
fuel target, guidance included with environmentally preferred procurement, or steps to reduce fossil -fuel
sources, such as replacement of fleet vehicles with non -motorized options. In all cases, the policy must be
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written as a practice change, not an incentive or encouragement.
For verification, provide the title; year adopted; a link to or copy of the policy or code; and a brief description
of how the intent of this action is met.
Action 7:
I'r•�;;..ic,� ii�ii:��o�far,t<:rtc,
Require Lhat publir infrastructure and facility niamagers consider energy -and water ec}i, .dmpt on
implicacions for new or upgraded infrastructure investmencs
The best time to consider conservation measures is before infrastructure is designed or upgraded. By
incorporating sustainability practices from the beginning, many unintended consequences can be addressed,
reducing the environmental impacts and costs of retrofitting.
The Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure's (ISI) rating system helps public infrastructure managers
and engineers understand how their systems integrate with the community's sustainability goals. This results
in new and upgraded infrastructure that minimizes the use of energy and water. The rating system can be
accessed for free by creating an account. Applicants should focus on the climate and energy section.
Applicants may also use local government LEED requirements or environmentally -preferred purchasing
policies as long as they apply to both buildings and infrastructure, such as wastewater treatment facilities, and
include both energy or water requirements.
For verification, provide the name of the practice improvement; a link to or copy of the annual report, if
applicable; and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
f,:
t.7 f.5 1 t+C Fi 1'C'.f"I1Ct 'ini. Ctrl rgy enC_i•liii.;P''JnF tia. t: .. feast weary 3':' ;t 13.�i;d. ,,fl " 1Iel?
h15k-,:j i'nwr f i_c Ca a[ pro', .uL^ I(It „i gover1)1 1 G114:r-;y fhlca to the PL ik:
Whereas Action 2 of this objective calls for energy benchmarking to be conducted internally by a local
government, this action requires that such information be released to the public on a regular basis. Data may
either be released via a standard report that analyzes trends over time or through a web -based interface
with dynamic features.
For example, Seattle, WA, produces for its 650 city -owned buildings, analyzing overall energy
performance as well as detailed performance by building type. Washington, DC, benchmarks local
government building energy use through real time, continuous reporting. They developed
an interactive website, that provides details on energy use intensity, annual energy cost, and GHG emissions.
For verification, provide the name of the practice improvement; a link to or copy of the annual report, if
applicable; and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met.
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Action 19:
Develop or nary=.iall'� .`> 1? g„C"ig=; im'`ri3stt"i€�e'I;`siYe tpLYatol"S participation in if"3?111P`t�j �3f i P 7S1iS on
energy and water
Facility managers and infrastructure operators include a wide field of public sector employees involved in the
management of physical assets in a community, such as buildings, roads, street lights, and water and sewer
facilities and lines. Their work can have a direct impact on the energy or water efficiency of an infrastructure
system in the community. Training programs ensure that operators are current on new technologies,
processes, products, and design standards.
The International Facility Management Association (IFMA) has developed a t .
......
lthat provides specialized knowledge and practices related to facility management practices.
For verification, provide the name of the practice improvement; a link to or copy of the annual report, if
applicable; and a brief description of how the intent of this action is met,
Action 10:
xc a di :ip,,,ri det ., t -al gx" verri ii'ie €, €.e Idir,,gs ancVor inf€`ast. i - €.:
e:' e rmoi �j -. v a ....
Regular improvements and upgrades to public infrastructure should be a component of the capital
improvements program or done via performance contracting.
provide an opportunity for local governments to conduct an industrial -grade
energy audit of their building stock and infrastructure and develop strategies to finance energy conservation
measures. Cost savings from actions with short returns on investment are used to fund larger efforts.
can help local governments perform an assessment, manage the work, conduct
annual measurement and verification, and often guarantee the savings produced will be sufficient to -maintain
budget neutrality.
For verification, provide a list of investments made within the past 5 years and a brief description of how
the intent of this action is met.
In r•`.,"a e sub rn :u€ €? .€ :':::t li itis"Ysystems o dolt .L.t: 1J ie information s i lati€:;ti f"a=i
use
Advanced metering technologies help building and facilities managers gather detailed energy and water use
information for specific equipment within local government buildings and the public infrastructure system,
This information can be used to detect problems, enhance retrofit strategies, and support implementation
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CE -6: Local Government GHG & Resource Footprint
of more efficient building and facility design.
For credit, specific equipment must be sub -metered, not the facility as a whole.
For verification, provide a list of investments made within the past 5 years and a brief description of how
the intent of this action is met.
obridge,
V�,: Since adopting the,< a;f in 2006, the City of
Cambridge has transformed a third of its fleet to hybrid or electric vehicles.
., Significant have been conducted on the City's
municipal buildings and schools. A $6.5 million bond, which will be paid back through energy savings, was
used as part of an energy performance contract.
aleigh, C: The h,serves as a guide for local government operations
with a focus on minimizing carbon -related emissions, maximize the energy and operational efficiency of
existing and new municipally -owned fleet, facilities and equipment. It also considers life -cycle costs and
renewable energy opportunities.
OD RC
is a network of the world's megacities committed to addressing climate change. C40 supports cities to
collaborate effectively, share knowledge, and drive meaningful, measurable, and sustainable action on climate
change.
is an annual survey to collect data on climate adaptation, greenhouse gases, and energy and water use
from institutional investors, companies, and local governments. This data is can be searched by _,,
and via an j.
The American Public Works Association's provides training, case studies, and tools
for local government managers.
The : has a number of tools and resources on sustainable water utilities,
including access to purchase guidebooks like Water Conservation for Small and Medium -Sized Utilities and
Triple Bottom Line Reporting of Sustainable Water Utility Performance.
University of Minnesota's works with Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs) and other operators to increase energy efficiency. The site provides information on reducing
water loads to improve energy efficiency at POTW plants and save money.
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